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Monday, March 21, 2022

Ka‘ū News Briefs, Monday, March 21, 2022

Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology will explore the potential use of engineered coral reef “living shoreline” approaches
for coastal protection and restoration, with new federal funding approved last week. See more below on federal
 funding for University of Hawai'i.  Photo from Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology

SEN. MAZIE HIRONO GAVE OPENING REMARKS ON CONFIRMATION OF U.S. SUPREME COURT NOMINEE KETANJI BROWN JACKSON on Monday. Hirono highlighted Jackson's extensive professional qualifications, her personal background, and the historic nature of her nomination to be the first Black woman ever to serve on the Supreme Court.
    "Your experiences and your background as a trial court judge, a public defender, a mother, a Black woman, and so much more—provide you with a uniquely different perspective than any of the eight other Justices on the Court," said Hirono. "Like your mentor Justice Breyer, I know you will engage with the other justices—both liberal and conservative to share these perspectives, challenge their views, and shape the Court's direction for the better. With the personal and professional diversity you bring, you will expand the experience and knowledge of the Court and the decisions the Court makes will be better as a result."
 
Sen. Mazie Hirono and U.S. Supreme Court nominee Ketanji Brown Jackson. Hirono gave
opening remarks on Monday during the first day of hearings before the Senate Judiciary
Committee. Photo from Office of Sen. Mazie Hirono
  Hirono also spoke to Jackson's track-record as a fair and impartial jurist with a commitment to the Constitution and the rule of law. "You are an accomplished jurist, having issued nearly 600 opinions that demonstrate a clear, even-handed approach to the law," Hirono continued. "You have sided with workers and with employers, for and against the government, and for prosecutors and for criminal defendants."
    Hirono said, 
"Former D.C. Circuit Judge Thomas Griffith, a George W. Bush appointee, summed it up best when he said you 'will adjudicate based on the facts and the law and not as a partisan.' Having reviewed your record, I strongly agree with that statement."
    Hirono's full remarks can be viewed at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GP3Ifh3S8ms.
    A statement from Hirono's office noted that Jackson has many accomplishments throughout her life and career: national champion in speech and debate as a high schooler; undergraduate and law degrees from Harvard—each with honors; three clerkships in federal court, including one at the Supreme Court for Justice Breyer, the retiring judge she would replace; an accomplished career as a lawyer at the trial and appellate level, both in private practice and as a public defender; two stints at the U.S. Sentencing Commission, including as Vice Chair; nine years as a federal judge—first in the D.C. District Court and then on the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals.

To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see www.facebook.com/kaucalendar/. See latest print edition at www.kaucalendar.com. See upcoming events at https://kaunewsbriefs.blogspot.com/2022/03/upcoming-events-for-kau-and-volcano.html

MAYOR MITCH ROTH INVITES STUDENTS TO ENTER THE YOUNG ARTISTS AND AUTHORS SHOWCASE. It is an annual contest that encourages youth worldwide to express the mission of Sister Cities International through original artwork, literature, photography, and music. This year's theme is Generation Rescue: Sustainable Water for All. Deadline for submission is April 1.
    The County of Hawaiʻi is a member of Sister Cities International, which aims to promote peace through mutual respect, understanding, and cooperation – one individual, one community at a time. Submissions
are centered around an annual theme and judged based on creativity, composition, and theme interpretation. A statement from the mayor's office says, "Sustainable Water for All, given climate change, has become an undeniably harsh reality in our lives, making the importance of raising awareness and taking action more essential every day. As temperatures rise, water patterns are disrupted, ecosystems are disturbed, cultures are affected, and energy resources are proven to be unsustainable for long-term use. "These ongoing changes impact our local and global communities in every aspect, and youth are the key to tackling this global reality."
    The mayor said, "Participating in this contest will be a great opportunity for our young artists to showcase their skills while simultaneously promoting the conservation of our precious water resources. We have a lot of really great talent here on our island, and we are excited to share that talent with the world."
    Selected grand prize winners in each category will win a $1,000 prize, second place winners will win $250, and third place winners will be awarded $100. In addition, winners' artwork will be displayed on the Sister Cities Website after the winners are announced during the Youth Leadership Summit. There is NO fee to submit an entry to YAAS at the national office. Students must be 13-18 years old to participate. Students interested in participating should call Jane Clement, Sister Cities Protocol Officer for the County of Hawaiʻi, at 323-4441. More information is available at www.sistercities.org.

To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see www.facebook.com/kaucalendar/. See latest print edition at www.kaucalendar.com. See upcoming events at https://kaunewsbriefs.blogspot.com/2022/03/upcoming-events-for-kau-and-volcano.html

The Education for Native Hawaiians Program at U.H. will receive $38.9 million. Photo from U.H. 

HUNDREDS OF MILLIONS OF DOLLARS IN FEDERAL FUNDING was recently approved by congress for the ten-campus University of Hawai'i system. Its research program alone will receive $500 million. Congressman Ed Case said today that not only is U.H. "our flagship institution of higher education," it has been "regularly ranked as one of the top research universities in the world.”
      U.H. Pres. David Lassner’s recent report to the UH Board of Regents referred to the federal funding as "an excellent year for UH." He thanked Hawai‘i's  Congressional delegation "all of whom have been actively working on behalf of the State of Hawai‘i and the University of Hawai‘i with programs that will really help us serve our communities on every island.” 
     Lassner also reported that UH was on track to a record-breaking research funding year, with $397 million year-to-date and a projected $500 million total.” 
    H.R. 2471, the Consolidated Appropriations Act 2022, was passed by Congress and signed into law by the President earlier this month. Provisions of specific relevance to UH funding include: Low-income and Minority Serving Institutions; the maximum Pell Grant award, increased by $400, to $6,895, for the 2022–23 academic year, the biggest increase to the Pell maximum in more than a decade; $10.9 million for the Strengthening Asian American and Native American Pacific Islander-Serving Institutions program, a $5.8-million increase from federal Fiscal Year (FY) 2021, which runs from Oct. 1, 2021 to Sept. 30, 2022. 
    Other federal programs received increases including the Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant, Federal Work Study, TRIO, GEAR UP and the Graduate Assistance in Areas of National Need programs.         Funding of $38.9 million will go for the Education for Native Hawaiians program, an increase of $1.5 million from FY 2021; and $4 million for the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Education Grants for Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian Institutions program, an increase of $806,000 from FY 2021, the first increase the program has received in years. 
    A $5 million increase goes to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Minority University Research and Education Project, which has been directed to utilize funds to connect science, Indigenous culture and community at minority-serving higher education institutions, including Native Hawaiian-serving institutions.  A $1 million increase, for a total of $3 million, was provided for the Center for Indigenous Innovation and Health Equity, a partnership between UH, Oklahoma State University and the University of Alaska. The measure encourages Office of the Director in the National Institutes of Health to prioritize the research needs of Native Hawaiians and to partner with entities that have a proven record of working closely with Native Hawaiian communities and organizations to allow for the development of NIH researchers. 
     UH Programs include $1 million for the UH Hilo ʻImiloa Astronomy Center for the Hale Pōhaku Exhibition and Planetarium Expansion;  $1 million for Asia-Pacific Microgrid Development and Training through Hawaiʻi Natural Energy Institute, a unit of the UH Mānoa School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology;  $1 million for a Strategic Center for Indo-Pacific Studies in the UH Mānoa School of Pacific and Asian Studies; and  $1 million for a Rural Health Research Center in the UH System Office of Strategic Health Initiatives.
'Imiloa will receive $1 million for its Hale Pōhaku Exhibition and Planetarium
Expansion. Photo from U.H.
    Funding of $900,000 will go to a new post-harvest processing facility at MAʻO Organic Farms, a UH partner, to provide more locally produced foods in the community while expanding their youth internship program, training and other educational opportunities through UH. 
    Funding of $200,000 for the Hawaiʻi Institute of Marine Biology, a unit of UH Mānoa SOEST, for the Nature-Based Coral Reef Features for Coastal Protection project. 
   The act also funds a $3-million increase for the U.S. Geological Survey Volcano Hazards Program, which provides continuing support to the UH Hilo Center for the Study of Active Volcanos; a $7-million increase for the Energy Transitions Initiative, which helps remote and island communities design their own resilience and clean energy solutions; and  $2.5-million increase in the Alternative Energy Research program, which supports the UH Hawaiʻi Natural Energy Institute and climate resiliency work in SOEST.     
     Funding of $7.5 million will go for a new program called Resilient Innovative Sustainable Economies via University Partnerships will support a collaboration between universities in isolated and island states with expertise in energy, marine and blue economy technologies to diversify their state economies.     
    Funding of $1.2 million will go to coffee leaf rust research;  and $1 million for science-based pest management strategies for invasive insect species that affect tropical grazing lands. 
    Case said  the federal funding measure also included his request for $1 million to fund rural health
initiatives for the University of Hawai‘i and $200,000 for the Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology. The funding came through Congress’ Community Project Funding process. Using the CPF, the Rural Health Research Center will focus on rural health workforce policy and health equity in its Office of Strategic Health Initiatives to conduct high-quality and policy-relevant research and develop policy recommendations to improve rural health care in Hawaiʻi. This project is part of the existing UHealthy Hawaiʻi initiative and in partnership with key local rural health stakeholders. 
   The Nature-Based Coral Reef Features for Coastal Protection project at the Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology will explore the potential use of engineered coral reef “living shoreline” approaches for coastal protection and restoration. This project will pilot bio-enhancing concrete materials, textures and shapes (e.g. eco-concrete, composite pumice, or carbon infused concrete) on small sections of seawall at the institute to promote habitat for native organisms including corals, other invertebrates and fish, to achieve ecofriendly designs that simultaneously restore reef habitat and protect the shoreline. 

                           SEE UPCOMING EVENTS IN KAʻŪ & VOLCANO
See March edition of The Kaʻū Calendar newspaper at

Sunday, March 20, 2022

Ka‘ū News Briefs, Sunday, March 20, 2022

Specialty License Plates featuring Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park is bringing in money for ʻIke Hana Noʻeau -
Experience the Skillful Work. See more below. Image from Hawai'i Pacific Parks Association

STANDING WITH UKRAINE is the title of a message today from Congressman Ed Case. He referred to joining his colleagues last Wednesday in the U.S. Capitol at a rare joint session of Congress to hear directly from Ukraine President Volodymyr Zelenskyy. 
    Case wrote: "President Zelenskyy said what we all know, that Russia's February 24th unprovoked and unjustified invasion of Ukraine was an attack not just on a sovereign, independent country and its people, but on its democracy, on our democratic world. He graphically presented the tragedy of purposeful Russian attacks on civilians, of mounting death and injury, and of a humanitarian crisis in encircled cities and among a now-estimated 6.5 million displaced Ukrainians. He asked for our continued help, with assistance including weapons and a no-fly zone over Ukraine.
Rep. Case said he urges much more defense 
assistance to Ukraine, its flag shown here.
    "We have joined the rest of the democratic world in imposing the toughest and broadest sanctions on any country ever. Last week Congress passed and the President signed into law $13.6 billion in emergency assistance, including weapons and other defense supplies which are already reaching Ukraine. I have joined other colleagues in supporting much more defense assistance."
     Case also offered up a statement from his bipartisan Problem Solvers Caucus, saying that last week, "I joined my U.S. House colleagues in moving to revoke Russia's favored nation trading status. President Biden and Congress are pursuing further actions, both ourselves and together with our partners around the world, to make the consequences to Russia and Putin of continuing with this invasion far worse than any gains they hope to achieve.
    "Thus far President Biden and our NATO allies have declined to pursue a no-fly zone. This is because a fully-enforced no-fly zone would require direct attacks by us and our allies on Russian aircraft and ground missiles both in Ukraine and in Russia, a far greater and riskier expansion of the conflict. I support the President's decision, as deeply frustrating as that is, though like the President I do not believe we can rule that or any other action out under all circumstances. For now, we must pursue and expand all current efforts to isolate Russia and help Ukraine, with our goal of inflicting such a price on Russia that it withdraws."

To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see www.facebook.com/kaucalendar/. See latest print edition at www.kaucalendar.com. See upcoming events at https://kaunewsbriefs.blogspot.com/2022/03/upcoming-events-for-kau-and-volcano.html

CONGRESSMAN ED CASE IS CALLING FOR A WAIVER OF THE JONES ACT during time of sanctions on Russian oil. He noted in a message today that standing up for Ukraine with sanctions comes "at a cost back home as we correctly ban imports from and exports to Russia. But while Russian oil only accounts for less than 2 percent  of our country's total supply, it has been around 25 percent of Hawai'i's total. The great majority of Hawai'i's oil comes from foreign rather than domestic supply largely because it costs fully three to four times more to ship domestic oil to Hawai'i than from farther distances overseas. 
Rep. Ed Case is calling for suspension of the Jones Act during
sanctions on Russian oil.Image /Grassroots Institute of Hawai'i
     "That huge cost difference is because of the Jones Act, a century-old federal law that prevents us from bringing in our own country's oil on plentiful and affordable international tankers. As we look to replace 25 percent of our oil supply, we shouldn't be effectively prevented from accessing our own country's supplies. I therefore asked the President for a limited, targeted waiver of the Jones Act to allow international shipping to bring domestic oil to Hawai'i during our ban on Russian oil. Here is my full press release detailing my request to the President, as well as legislation I introduced in the U.S. House to mandate a similar exemption."

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THE 4.5  EARTHQUAKE FELT IN KA'U THIS MORNING was centered near Waikoloa and not one of the many earthquakes felt regularly in Pahala and the surrounding district. The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center reported that the quake happened at 7:30 a.m. and was centered in the vicinity of Waikoloa in South Kohala. The earthquake was not large enough to cause a tsunami.

To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see www.facebook.com/kaucalendar/. See latest print edition at www.kaucalendar.com. See upcoming events at https://kaunewsbriefs.blogspot.com/2022/03/upcoming-events-for-kau-and-volcano.html

SPECIALTY HAWAI'I VOLCANOES LICENSE PLATES HAVE BROUGHT IN $153,000. The fundraiser benefits Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park from sales of the license plates featuring lava flows and nēnē geese. They were authorized by a 2015 state law to raise funds for resource protection and education projects at Haleakalā and Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Parks. The specialty license plate program revenues are distributed by Hawai‘i Pacific Parks Association.
Developing ʻIke Hana Noʻeau - Experience the Skillful Work craft
demonstrations on video will be supported by the sales of specialty
license plates showing the Nene and lava at Hawai'i Volcanoes.
Photo from Hawai'i Pacific Parks Association

    Hawai'i Pacific Parks recently presented the check to Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park Superintendent Rhonda Loh for $153,356. These funds will be dedicated to supporting the ʻIke Hana Noʻeau - Experience the Skillful Work craft demonstrations and workshops through video. These workshops were, in pre-pandemic years, open to visitors on the park lānai for instruction in such Hawaiian arts and crafts as lei making, lauhala weaving, hula, and much more. Now the park plans to develop ʻIke Hana Noʻeau instructional videos to be available online for everyone, around the world.
    Other national parks that benefit from specialty license plate programs include Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Rocky Mountain National Park, Yellowstone National Park, Crater Lake National Park, and Yosemite National Park.
    For more information on how to purchase a specialty plate, visit https://vehicleregistrationlicensing.as.me/specialtyplates.

 To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see www.facebook.com/kaucalendar/. See latest print edition at www.kaucalendar.com. See upcoming events at https://kaunewsbriefs.blogspot.com/2022/03/upcoming-events-for-kau-and-volcano.html

A NEW REPORT ON HEALTH CARE describes Hawai'i County as having special circumstances. The Community Health Needs Assessment, sponsored by Healthcare Association of Hawai'i, notes the geographic challenges brought by the distinct demographic differences of the West and East sides of Hawai'i Island. The study gives a geographic and social overview to understand the platform for health care delivery: 
     "Population growth in Hawaiʻi County was among the highest for the state from 2010 to 2020, at 8.2%. At the same time, data show Hawaiʻi County with the lowest median household income, highest percentage of adults reporting frequent mental stress, and the second highest suicide rate (just slightly behind Kauaʻi). The teen birth rate is the highest in the state, and early/adequate prenatal care for all women with a recent birth was the lowest. The proportion of single parent households is the highest in the state.
    "The challenges of rural health on Hawaiʻi’s largest island are currently being examined by the State Rural Health Association; State Department of Health, Office of Primary Care and Rural Health; in conjunction with community partners.
    "On the positive side of the ledger, with the lowest median housing prices in the state, the homeless rate is lower than other counties, as is the percentage reporting severe housing issues (overcrowding, high housing costs, lack of a kitchen, lack of plumbing). A higher percentage of Hawaiʻi County teens spend less than two hrs a day online in activities other than school-related, with the hope that they spend more time outside."

Application for grants through the Farmers Market and Local Food Promotion Program and Regional Food
System Partnerships are due May 16. Photo from USDA

THE USDA IS OFFERING FUNDING THROUGH ITS LOCAL AGRICULTURE MARKET PROGRAM. Nationwide it will provide $97 million in competitive grant funding to help local and regional food entities develop, coordinate and expand producer-to-consumer marketing, local and regional food markets and local food enterprises.
    The total includes $65 million of supplemental American Rescue Plan funding and $32 million in funds provided through the 2018 Farm Bill. This ARP funding will promote competition and help to create more and better markets for local and regional food producers by expanding and strengthening opportunities to sell to institutions, such as universities, hospitals, and settings operated by local, tribal, and state governments. Of the $97 million, LAMP’s Farmers Market and Local Food Promotion Program (FMLFPP) will receive $57 million and the Regional Food System Partnerships will receive
$40 million.
    Learn more about the grants during webinars for FMLFPP on April 5 and RFSP on April 6. Applications must be submitted electronically through www.grants.gov by Monday, May 16 at 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time.

To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see www.facebook.com/kaucalendar/. See latest print edition at www.kaucalendar.com. See upcoming events at https://kaunewsbriefs.blogspot.com/2022/03/upcoming-events-for-kau-and-volcano.html

SEE UPCOMING EVENTS IN KAʻŪ & VOLCANO
See March edition of The Kaʻū Calendar newspaper at


Saturday, March 19, 2022

Ka‘ū News Briefs, Saturday, March 19, 2022

New View of an Old Event
A photograph, taken during a helicopter overflight on the morning of March 17, shows an overview of Kīlauea Iki and Pu‘u Pua‘i. Pu‘u Pua‘i is a large cinder cone that formed as a result of the towering 1,900 foot (580 meters) lava fountains during the eruption of Kīlauea Iki. The Kīlauea Iki eruption began on November 19, 1959, and lasted for five weeks, with fountains of lava erupting from the vent in 17 separate episodes. See Volcano Watch below with a description of a new cutting edge instrument used by scientists. USGS image by L. Gallant.
TESTIMONY TO INCREASE THE MINIMUM WAGE IS CALLED FOR by the Democratic Party of Hawai'i, which recently held its Big Island convention. The chapter urges those who support a minimum wage increase to submit testimony before Monday, March 23, calling for a $15 minimum wage to start
In several states and countries, providing a living wage is
used to positively brand a company.
Jan. 1 of next year and increasing it by $1 an hour annually until it reaches $18 an hour. The Democrats recommend testimony that urges amending House Bill 2510 HD to hike the minimum wage in 2023, instead of 2025, as written. 
    The measure has already passed the state Senate. The link to submit testimony to the House of Representatives is https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/. The Hawai'i Democratic Party's own message to the legislature says: "This significant increase is urgently needed and long overdue. Many Hawai'i residents statewide and here on Hawai'i Island are struggling with the extremely high and rising cost of living for housing, gas, electricity, food and medical care. Please do not defer this needed increase."

To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see www.facebook.com/kaucalendar/. See latest print edition at www.kaucalendar.com. See upcoming events at https://kaunewsbriefs.blogspot.com/2022/03/upcoming-events-for-kau-and-volcano.html

SEVERAL BILLS ADDRESSING ABANDONED VEHICLES are moving through the Hawai'i Legislature.  Supportive testimony came from local governments around the state, including the Council of Mayors, this county's Department of Environmental Management and Hawai'i County Council.
    HB 1414 would make "a person who is the registered owner of a vehicle that was deemed abandoned or derelict subject to a tiered fine system."
An abandoned vehicle, tagged by the county, near Pahala
Transfer Station. Photo by Julia Neal
     HB1413 would allow "the director of finance of a county to require payment of outstanding charges and fines owed to the county relating to the disposition of an abandoned vehicle within the county by the registered owner of the abandoned vehicle before issuing a certificate of registration or completing a transfer of ownership."
    HB 1412 "would require the counties to provide a minimum distance a vehicle must be moved within a specified timeframe after a vehicle is initially inspected for abandonment to avoid an official classification of abandonment. Requires that, before a vehicle can be classified as being abandoned, notice be provided that the vehicle must be moved the specified distance within the specified timeframe or be subject to removal."
    HB 1411 would require that "the transferee's and transferor's address be provided on the certificate of ownership when the title to a motor vehicle is transferred. Clarifies that the signature of the transferee and signature of the transferor each serve as an attestation by that respective party as to the validity of the information on the certificate of ownership. Imposes a fine on a party who provides false or fraudulent information."
    Look up bills and submit testimony at https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/.

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HAWAIʻI ORGANIC SEED SUMMIT will be a two-day virtual gathering to be held on Friday and Saturday Mar. 25 and 26 from 2 - 5 p.m. The summit is presented by Organic Seed Alliance, GoFarm Hawaiʻi, Hawaiʻi Seed Growers Network, and University of Hawaiʻi West Oʻahu's Sustainable Community Food Systems Program. Join to learn about local seed projects happening in Hawaiʻi and pathways for becoming a knowledgeable seed grower. There is no cost to attend and registration is required in advance. To learn more and register, visit https://seedalliance.org/events/hawaii-organic-seed-summit/.

To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see www.facebook.com/kaucalendar/. See latest print edition at www.kaucalendar.com. See upcoming events at https://kaunewsbriefs.blogspot.com/2022/03/upcoming-events-for-kau-and-volcano.html

A NEW STATE OF THE ART INSTRUMENT HELPS DETECT UNDERGROUND VOLCANIC PROCESSES. The Absolute Quantum Gravimeter can measure very small mass changes beneath the ground surface. USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory scientists say they are excited to help the public understand the innovation in this week's Volcano Watch: 
    All objects have a mass and therefore a gravity field. Earth’s gravitational pull is slightly stronger in areas with more mass and slightly weaker in areas with less mass. Gravimeters measure gravitational attraction.
    In volcano studies, gravimeters help scientists detect subtle changes in gravity caused by magma movements. When measuring gravity in volcanically active areas, a measurement of stronger gravity can indicate more magma below the ground surface.
    There are two main types of gravimeters: relative and absolute.
The USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory’s Absolute Quantum
 Gravimeter is undergoing set-up, testing, and calibration before
 installation at the summit of Kīlauea. USGS image by A. Ellis
    Relative gravimeters are the most common. They contain a weight attached to a sensitive vertical spring. Gravity stretches the spring, and the amount of stretch is proportional to the measurement of local gravity. The relative gravimeter measures the difference of gravity between various locations. Unfortunately, these instruments suffer from “drift,” which adds noise to measurements conducted over more than a few weeks-to-months, and their accuracy gradually decreases. The drift can be characterized and removed by measurements repeated frequently.
    Absolute gravimeters directly measure the acceleration of gravity. Free-fall absolute gravimeters, the most common type, use lasers to measure the free-fall acceleration of a small reflecting prism (a test mass) in a vacuum. Unlike relative gravimeters, absolute gravimeters do not drift nor degrade in accuracy over time. However, they are large in size, have delicate mechanical parts, require an ample power supply, and are not designed for use in harsh field conditions such as volcanoes. Those that are field portable are not capable of long-term continuous measurements or sensitive enough to detect the small changes needed for volcano monitoring.  
    Similar to the free-fall absolute gravimeters, HVO’s new AQG measures the acceleration of a small test mass in a vacuum. However, the AQG overcomes the limitations of classical free-fall absolute gravimeters by dropping clouds of laser-cooled rubidium atoms instead of small prisms. This allows for accurate and long-term continuous measurements. The AQG is also compact in size and can be deployed in the field at active volcanoes and run continuously without "drift."
    The same model of AQG has been installed on the north flank of Mount Etna volcano in Italy, which frequently erupts. The instrument has successfully recorded many months of high-quality data despite high vibration noise levels. It continues to help improve volcano hazard reporting and crisis management planning in Italy.
 
Telephoto view looking east of the active lava lake within Halema‘uma‘u crater at the summit of Kīlauea on March 11. The craggy remains of the west vent cone, which has broken down over the past few weeks, are visible through the volcanic gas plume in the lower right. Lava supplies the lake through a small embayment and spillway (bottom center) just north of the west vent cone area. From the main active lava lake, some lava spills over a narrow divide into a second smaller lake to the southeast (upper right). USGS image by N. Deligne
  Currently, HVO’s AQG is undergoing experimental testing and calibration. Eventually, its long-term home will be co-located with other instruments at Kīlauea’s summit, where it will take continuous measurements except when conducting occasional field deployments.
    Although the AQG is new to HVO, gravity monitoring has a long history in Hawai‘i. First measurements in the 1800s and 1900s were difficult and often unsuccessful until portable relative gravimeters were developed. Since the 1970s, relative gravimeters have been successfully used for measurements at over 65 benchmarks on the Island of Hawai‘i. These benchmarks are measured every couple of years to detect magma accumulation or shallowing within Mauna Loa and Kīlauea volcanoes over long time scales.    
Gravimeters at Kilauea in 2020. USGS photo by I. Johanson
    Additionally, starting around 2010, there were a handful of continuous relative gravimeters at Kīlauea summit and Puʻuʻōʻō. They played a critical role in monitoring the 2018 Kīlauea eruption, allowing scientists to estimate the rate and volume of magma accumulation and withdrawal in the East Rift Zone and summit. Unfortunately, these instruments were either lost during summit collapses associated with the eruption or have since stopped functioning, leaving HVO with no operational continuous gravimeters for several years.
   Following the 2018 Kīlauea events, HVO received funding from the Additional Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Relief Act of 2019 [H.R. 2157]. As a start to rebuilding the continuous gravity network for Kīlauea, one gravimeter was reinstalled on Halemaʻumaʻu crater floor in June 2021. In April 2022, there are plans to install two additional continuous relative gravimeters at other locations on Kīlauea.
    The combination of the new Absolute Quantum Gravimeter, new continuous gravimeters, and ongoing campaign measurements makes the future of using gravity measurements to monitor, investigate, and assess hazards of Hawaiian volcanoes exciting and promising.

To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see www.facebook.com/kaucalendar/. See latest print edition at www.kaucalendar.com. See upcoming events at https://kaunewsbriefs.blogspot.com/2022/03/upcoming-events-for-kau-and-volcano.html

  SEE UPCOMING EVENTS IN KAʻŪ & VOLCANO
See March edition of The Kaʻū Calendar newspaper at