Saturday, June 22, 2019

Kaʻū News Briefs, Saturday, June 22, 2019

The USS Daniel Inouye was christened today at a shipyard in Maine. Sen. Maize Hirono made the ceremony's principal address,
giving the history of Inouye. See story below. Photo from PCU USS Daniel Inouye DDG 118 Facebook
THE BIG IDEA - PEACE & PROSPERITY is the main point of Rep. Tulsi Gabbard's bid for the U.S. Presidency, she said on a nationally televised interview on NBC today. The interview, conducted by reporter Harry Smith, is one in a series with candidates participating in this Wednesday and Thursday's debates for the Democratic Party's nominee for President of the United States. Gabbard, one of 20 who qualified for the debates, will be in the Wednesday lineup.
      During today's interview, she told Smith she is running for President to "end wasteful wars and invest in our people…. in our future… There are so many things that we need to invest in, in this country… make sure our priorities are straight and put our resources where they're needed."
Presidential candidate, Kaʻū's Rep. Tulsi Gabbard.
Photo from NBC
     Smith said the Department of Defense's budget is about $700 billion, and asked how much of that Gabbard would like to take to use on other things. Gabbard replied that that figure "doesn't begin to capture the full cost of war." She said the U.S. has spent $6 to $8 trillion since 9/11 on "wasteful regime change wars, wars in places like Iraq, Syria, Afghanistan… wars that have been counteractive to our security; strengthened terrorist groups like Isis and Al Qaeda, making the American people less safe." She said that in countries where U.S. forces have gone to battle, civilians have experienced "more suffering, more death, more destruction." She also remarked that tensions are increasing between the U.S. and "nuclear-armed countries like Russia and China."
     Smith asked Gabbard how she would handle pushback to refrain from war from industries that rely on Department of Defense projects for business. She said she would rely on "the power of our democracy and the American people standing up and saying, 'We are sick and tired of the military industrial complex and self-serving politicians in Washington who have been beating these wars drums for so long… when they're not the ones paying the price – we are.'"
     Smith asked how her 16 years in the Army National Reserves, and two tours of duty in Iraq, shaped her views. Gabbard said, "Every single day, I was confronted by the high human cost… those that paid the ultimate price… those that made it home with us, but were still dealing with visible and invisible wounds… and then here, in Congress, serving over six years on the Armed Services and Foreign Affairs committees – seeing how destructive and costly our policies have been."
     Gabbard said funds spent on wars should be going to "quality" healthcare and education, and clean water. Gabbard is Kaʻū's Representative in the U.S. Congress.
     See the whole interview at nbcnews.com/nightly-news/video/tulsi-gabbard-s-big-idea-extended-interview-62371397565.
     Watch the debates in Miami this Wednesday and Thursday, June 26 and 27, beginning at 3 p.m. Hawaiian time on NBC, NBCNews.comMSNBC.com, the NBC News app, and Telemundo's digital platforms.
      This Wednesday Gabbard will be on the debate stage with Elizabeth Warren, Beto O’Rourke, Cory Booker, Amy Klobuchar, John Delaney,  Julián Castro, Tim Ryan, Bill de Blasio, and Jay Inslee. Gabbard has also qualified for the second debate, hosted by CNN in Detroit on July 30 and 31. The third debate will be hosted by ABC News on Sept. 12 and 13.
      This Thursday, candidates on the debates stage will be Bernie Sanders, Pete Buttigieg, Kamala Harris, Andrew Yang, Joe Biden, Kirsten Gillibrand, John Hickenlooper, Eric Swalwell, Marianne Williamson, and Michael Bennet.

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Sen. Mazie Hirono and the late Sen. Daniel Inouye's wife, Irene Inouye 
watched steamers fly over the warship named Inouye at the christening 
at Bath Ironworks in Maine today. Photo from Navy Times
USS DANIEL INOUYE WAS CHRISTENED TODAY, with Sen. Mazie Hirono, Ranking Member of the Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Seapower, delivering the principal address at the ceremony. The 509-foot ship, christened at General Dynamics Bath Iron Works shipyard in Maine, is the Navy's 68th Arleigh Burke-class guided missile destroyer, and is expected to arrive at its home port at Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam in 2020. The ship carries the "Go for Broke" motto of the 442nd Regimental Combat Team in which the late Senator Inouye served.
     The Navy Times reported that "a tropical flair" was brought "to a state known for cold weather," with lei around the necks of dignitaries and "a giant one on the warship." Irene Hirano Inouye, the late senator's wife and the ship's sponsor, smashed a bottle of champagne on the bow of the future guided-missile destroyer, which is still under construction. She said the Hawaiian touch was important, reported the Navy Times.
      "The traditions of the Navy are very special and historic. But to truly make it reflect of Dan's life, and the people on Hawaiʻi, our team had to find ways to bring a little bit of Hawaiʻi to Maine," said Inouye before the ceremony.
     Hinoro said a christening is "when we solemnly dedicate, name, and commit a new ship to sea and service to our country." She said it is also intended to "invite good luck to the crew in carrying out their mission. This is especially important when the ship will be dispatched in defense of the United State in uncertain times. Over the coming decades, thousands of sailors will serve aboard this ship – each of them answering their country's call to serve something greater than themselves."
Sen. Mazie Hirono and Irene Hirano Inouye. Photo from Hinoro's office
     Hirono said the warship will be "under the prospective command of Commander DonAnn Gilmore," and play a "critical role in protecting and advancing American interests in the Indo-Pacific region – just as Senator Inouye did throughout his life and service in Congress. To the brave Sailors who will serve on the Navy's newest ship and who are here today, I commend you for continuing in the tradition of Senator Inouye's service to our country. To the crew, I wish you makani olu olu. I wish you all fair winds. Go for broke, as you serve the country on this incredible new ship."
     Sen. Inouye was a Medal of Honor recipient and represented Hawaiʻi in the U.S. Senate for half a century. He lost his right arm in Italy, during combat in World War II. He died in 2012.

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TODAY WAS THE FIRST FULL DAY OF SUMMER but a heat wave broke and matched many high temperature records this Spring. The first half of June saw at lease 18 records matched or broken. In May, the number reached at least 27 across the state. Temperatures reaching 90 degrees have not been uncommon. Using air conditioners are on the rise, this year because of heat, last year because of the ash from the volcano.
     Yesterday was the Summer Solsitce, the longest day of the year in Hawaiʻi, lasting 13 hours, 17 minutes, with just over 14 hours of visible light.
     The Pacific's hurricane season, which began June 1, is very quiet so far.

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COMPOST PURCHASE REIMBURSEMENT PROGRAM through Hawaiʻi Department of Agriculture is available to agricultural producers who purchase compost from a Hawaiʻi Department of Health's Solid Waste Management Program certified processor, retailer, or wholesaler licensed to do business in Hawaiʻi.
     Act 89, enacted in 2018, allocates $650,000 over a two-year period for the reimbursement of 50 percent of compost cost incurred by agricultural producers during fiscal year 2019 (July 1, 2018 to June 30, 2019) and a portion of fiscal year 2020 (July 1, 2019 to March 30, 2020), not to exceed $50,000 per applicant per year.
     Phyllis Shimabukuro-Geiser, chairperson of the Hawaii Board of Agriculture, said "This reimbursement program is aimed at providing assistance to farmers to ease some of the operational cost relating to the purchase of composting material."
     Applicants must provide a W-9 tax form, sample invoice, and proof of compliance with federal, state, and county tax and business regulations. For more information and to download the application forms, go to hdoa.hawaii.gov/blog/main/compostreimbursement.

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READING THE RAINBOW is the title of this week's Volcano Watch, written by the U.S. Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory geophysicist Sarah Conway. Her subtitle is How to interpret an interferogram:
     Since the early 1990s, scientists have used radar satellites to map movement, or deformation, of Earth's surface. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) calculates the difference between two radar images acquired by an orbiting satellite taken at different times but looking at the same place on Earth. This difference is called an interferogram, and is essentially a map of surface deformation.
     Deformation is one of the main ways that HVO monitors activity of Hawaiʻi's volcanoes. Volcanoes can change their shape as magma moves in and out of their plumbing systems, as their slopes shift on faults or because of gravity, and when they have internal changes in pressure. Interferograms, together with GPS and tilt, help HVO scientists keep many eyes on a volcano when it's getting bent out of shape.
     Interferograms cover large areas of land – the entire Island of Hawaiʻi can fit into a single radar scene – and provide centimeter-scale accuracy of ground motion. This means seeing changes of less than half an inch, from space. However, interferograms can be tricky to read. This Volcano Watch will guide you through interpreting an interferogram, as well as explain how they are produced.
COSMO-SkyMed Interferogram for the period from April 6 to June 2, 2019, covering Kīlauea Volcano's summit region. Each color fringe represents 1.65 centimeters (0.65 inches) of ground displacement. The closely spaced color bands, or fringes, within the caldera indicate localized inflation, while the broader fringes on the northwest side of the caldera indicate a small amount of inflation centered near Jaggar museum. Each color cycle or fringe within the caldera is marked by white numbers on the interferogram for a grand total of 3 fringes or total displacement of 4.95 cm (1.95 inches). CSK data are provided to the USGS HVO by the Italian Space Agency for use in monitoring and research.
     The difference in the distance to the ground between two satellite passes, known as the interferometric phase, is shown as fringes, or bands, of color in an interferogram. This difference includes deformation of the surface that occurred between passes, but it is also influenced by uncertainty in satellite orbits, topographic ambiguities, atmospheric conditions, and other sources of error. These all contribute to the interferometric phase. To get at the true movement of the ground, you have to compensate for these sources of error.
    The first step in reading an interferogram is to determine "when" and "what." The dates of each image answer the question of "when" the deformation occurred. Different satellites use different wavelengths, and that controls the amount of ground deformation represented per colored fringe – the "what." In the interferogram shown above, the satellite used is the Italian Space Agency's COSMO-SkyMed (CSK) system. The radar wavelength for CSK is X-band – approximately 3.3 centimeters in total length. Because an interferogram is made using radar waves that travel to Earth from the satellite and back, the deformation is calculated in terms of half the wavelength. This means that when reading a CSK interferogram, one fringe is equal to 1.65 centimeters (or 0.65 inches) of change between the two dates.
     Step two is to count the colored fringes to determine the amount of deformation shown in an interferogram. Volcanic deformation is often concentric in shape, so start on the outside of the fringe pattern and count the number of color cycles from the edge of the deformed area to the center. Multiply the number of colored fringes by the half wavelength to determine the magnitude of the deformation.
Colored and monochromatic fringes in a Michelson interferometer: 
(a) White light fringes where the two beams differ in the number of phase 
inversions; (b) White light fringes where the two beams have experienced 
the same number of phase inversions; (c) Fringe pattern using 
monochromatic light. Image from Wikipedia
     Step three is to determine if the surface moved up or down. To do this, as you count fringes from the outside to the inside of a concentric pattern, note the sense of color changes. Does the pattern go blue-purple-yellow in towards the center, or blue-yellow-purple? The color scale at the bottom of the image reveals that blue-yellow-purple is an increasing trend, which in this interferogram, means that the ground is moving towards the satellite – it is inflating. The color sequence should always be defined on a scale bar in the interferogram, along with the half wavelength, because not all interferograms use the same color sequence, and not all radar satellites have the same wavelength.
     The last step is to interpret the information you have collected. On the CSK interferogram shown above, there are 3 colored fringes inside Kīlauea Caldera, which means that the surface within this region moved towards the satellite, or inflated, by about 4.95 centimeters (1.95 inches) between April 6 and June 2, 2019. But remember, the colored fringes include not just displacement, but also other influences, like orbital errors and atmospheric anomalies. These sorts of anomalies are especially prevalent around tall mountains, like Mauna Loa and Mauna Kea, and areas of very steep topography, like the south flank of Kīlauea. In this case, atmospheric anomalies are probably not an issue, since the area of deformation is smaller than most weather patterns. We also compensate for orbital errors, since we know the satellite orbits very precisely. But topographic errors due to the massive changes that took place at the summit in 2018 might introduce a small amount of error to the measurement. Also, because radar satellites don't look straight down on Earth, the deformation in interferograms is a combination of vertical and horizontal displacements, although vertical changes usually dominate.
     And that's how you read an interferometric rainbow. For more information on how to read an interferogram, including a step-by-step infographic, check out UNAVCO's outreach products at unavco.org/education/outreach/infographics/infographics.html.
Volcano Activity Updates     Kīlauea Volcano is not erupting and its USGS Volcano Alert level remains at NORMAL. For definitions of USGS Volcano Alert Levels, see https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/vhp/about_alerts.html. Rates of deformation, gas release, and seismicity on Kīlauea have not changed significantly over the past week.
Formation of fringes in a Michelson interferometer. Image from Wikipedia
     Monitoring data have shown no significant changes in volcanic activity over the past week. Rates of seismicity across the volcano remain low. The two largest recorded earthquakes were a M2.4 at the summit on June 15, at a depth of 2 km (1.2 miles), and a M3.4 in the Upper East Rift Zone on June 13, at a depth of 6 km (3.7 miles). One felt report was submitted for the M3.4 earthquake. Real-time sulfur dioxide emission rates from the summit remain low. Sulfur Dioxide emission rates at Puʻu ʻŌʻō remain below detection limits when last measured on May 23.
     Since early March, GPS stations and tiltmeters at the Kīlauea summit have recorded deformation consistent with slow magma accumulation within the shallow portion of the Kīlauea summit magma system (1-2 km or approximately 1 mile below ground level). However, gas measurements have yet to indicate significant shallowing of large volumes of melt. HVO continues to carefully monitor gas output at the Kīlauea summit and East Rift Zone for important changes.
     Further east, GPS stations and tiltmeters continue to show motions consistent with refilling of the deep East Rift Zone magmatic reservoir in the broad region between Puʻu ʻŌʻō and Highway 130. This trend has been observed since the end of the 2018 eruption, however there is an indication on tiltmeters that this motion has been slowing down over recent weeks. While the significance of this pattern is unclear, monitoring data do not suggest any imminent change in volcanic hazard for this area.
     Two earthquakes with three or more felt reports occurred in Hawaiʻi this past week: a magnitude-3.4 quake 13 km (8 mi) southeast of Volcano at 6 km (3.5 mi) depth on June 16 at 12:54 p.m., and a magnitude-2.8 quake 14 km southeast of Volcano at 6.8 km depth on June 13 at 1:19 p.m.
     The USGS Volcano Alert level for Mauna Loa remains at NORMAL. A slight increase in detected earthquakes was noted over the past month. GPS instruments show slow inflation of the summit magma reservoir. Gas and temperature data showed no significant changes the past month.
     Visit volcanoes.usgs.gov/hvo for past Volcano Watch articles, Kīlauea and Mauna Loa updates, volcano photos, maps, recent earthquake info, and more. Call 808-967-8862 for weekly Kīlauea updates. Email questions to askHVO@usgs.gov.

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Print edition of The Kaʻū Calendar is free to 5,500 mailboxes 
throughout Kaʻū, from Miloliʻi through Volcano, and free on 
stands throughout the district. Read online at kaucalendar.com
UPCOMING
MONDAY, JUNE 24
Hawai‘i Wildlife Fund Coastal Net Patrol, Monday, June 24. Free; donations appreciated. Limited seating available. RSVP in advance. kahakai.cleanups@gmail.com, 769-7629

TUESDAY, JUNE 25
Mobile Spay & Neuter Waggin', Tuesday, June 25, 7:30a.m.-4p.m., St. Jude's Episcopal Church, Ocean View. Low income pet parents and those with limited transportation qualify for mobile spay/neuter service. Free. Surgery by phone appointment only. Hawai‘i Island Humane Society, hihs.org, 796-0107

HOVE Road Maintenance Board Mtg., Tuesday, June 25, 10a.m., HOVE Road Maintenance office. hoveroad.com, 929-9910, gm@hoveroad.com

Ka‘ū Food Pantry, Tuesday, June 25, 11:30a.m.-1p.m., St. Jude's Episcopal Church in Ocean View. Volunteers welcome. Dave Breskin, 319-8333

Performing Arts Activity: Karaoke Sing Along, Tuesday, June 25, 2-3p.m., Kahuku Park, H.O.V.E. Register keiki ages 6 & up, June 17-21. Free. 929-9113, hawaiicounty.gov/pr-recreation

WEDNESDAY, JUNE 26
Kōkua Kupuna Project, Wednesday, June 26 – last Wednesday, monthly – 9-11a.m., St. Jude's Episcopal Church, Ocean View. Seniors 60 years and older encouraged to attend, ask questions, and inquire about services offered through Legal Aid Society of Hawai‘i – referral required, 961-8626 for free legal services. Under 60, call 1-800-499-4302. More info: tahisha.despontes@legalaidhawaii.org, 329-3910 ext. 925. legalaidhawaii.org

Lei Tī, Wednesday, June 26, 10a.m.-noon, Kīlauea Visitor Center lānai. Hands-on demonstration with rangers and Hawai‘i Pacific Parks Association staff making tī-leaf lei. Free; park entrance fees apply. nps.gov/havo

Ka‘ū Community Children's Council, Thursday, June 27, 3-4p.m., Classroom 35, Building F, Nā‘ālehu Elementary School. Provides local forum for all community members to come together as equal partners to discuss and positively affect multiple systems' issues for the benefit of all students, families, and communities. Chad Domingo, text 808-381-2584, domingoc1975@yahoo.com, ccco.k12.hi.us

THURSDAY, JUNE 27
Volcano Friends Feeding Friends, Thursday, June 27, 4-6p.m., Cooper Center, Volcano Village. Free community dinner for all. Additional packaged goods to take home for those in need. Donations and volunteers encouraged. 967-7800, thecoopercenter.org

FRIDAY, JUNE 28
Coffee Talk at Kahuku: Planting Pono, Friday, June 28, 9:30-11a.m., Kahuku Unit Visitor Contact Station. Learn how to identify plants at home that don't need removal and how to integrate natives and non-invasive plants into the landscape. Free. nps.gov/havo

The Sky is Full of Stories with James McCarthy, Friday, June 28, 1:30-2:15p.m., Nā‘ālehu Public Library. McCarthy, a trained actor, storyteller and musician will captivate audience with wide variety of sky stories from myths and science, using tales and songs. Suitable for all ages. Young children must be accompanied by a parent or adult caregiver. Free. 939-2442

SATURDAY, JUNE 29
Mālama Nā Keiki Festival happens Saturday, June 29, 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. at Pāhala Community Center. This third annual free event, presented by Health Resources and Services Administration, offers health screenings, education, and activities. Expectant and first-time mothers, women considering pregnancy, young families, and supporting ʻohana from across the county are especially invited to attend. Prizes, entertainment, free food, and keiki activities are offered. Health screenings include hearing, vision, height, weight, and blood pressure. Health education includes prenatal information and breastfeeding education with lactations specialists. Health activities include Grow Your Own Plant and Makahiki games.
     For more, call 808-969-9220, or see hmono.orgfacebook.com/hmono.org, or hui_malama on Instagram.

Paint Your Own Silk Scarf with Patti Pease Johnson, Saturday, June 29, 9a.m.-12:30p.m., Volcano Art Center. $45/VAC member, $50/non-member, plus $10 supply fee. volcanoartcenter.org, 967-8222

Nā‘ālehu July 4th Parade Celebration & Keiki Fun Day, Saturday, June 29, 10a.m.-130p.m., from Nā‘ālehu Elementary School to Nā‘ālehu Community Center Ballpark, along Hwy 11. Parade followed by food, bounces houses, and inflatable water slides for kids. Afternoon of bingo and separate luncheon for seniors. Free. Sign-up for the parade before June 20 by calling Debra McIntosh, 929-9872

Arts & Tea Culture Workshop Series #2, Saturday, June 29, 1-4p.m., Volcano Art Center. Learn tea propagation techniques with Eva Lee. Pre-event for A Taste of Tea Pottery Fundraiser - August 25. Workshops designed to be attended as a series - #3 set for July 27. No experience necessary. $60/VAC member, $75/non-member for series. Individual workshop $25 each. Requires minimum of 6 participants to be held. Registration limited. 967-8222, volcanoartcenter.org

ONGOING
Seamless Summer Program, open to all people under age 18, no registration required, offers free breakfast at Nāʻālehu Elementary and Kaʻū High & Pāhala Elementary School cafeterias. Meals are available weekdays through July 11; no meal Thursday, July 4. Kaʻū High serves breakfast from 7:30 a.m. to 8 a.m., lunch from 11 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. Call (808) 939-2413 for Nāʻālehu Elementary mealtimes.

‘O Ka‘ū Kākou's Annual Nāʻālehu 4th of July Parade and Summer Fun Fest happens Saturday, June 29. The Nā‘ālehu Independence Day Parade begins at 11 a.m. at Nā‘ālehu Elementary School and ends at the Nā‘ālehu Hongwanji Mission. The parade features floats, Paʻu riders, Kaʻū Coffee Court members, and more.
     The Fest, which begins after the parade, features water slides and bounce castles, hot dogs, watermelon, and shave ice, plus Senior Bingo and lunch at the community center for seniors. The free event is open to the public, no registration required. okaukakou.org

Volcano Village 4th of July Parade, Festival, and Craft Fair happens Thursday, July 4 from 9 a.m. to 1:30 p.m. The parade starts at the Volcano Post Office, travels down Old Volcano Road, and ends at Cooper Center on Wright Road. Free entry to activities, food, and entertainment. Leashed dogs allowed. Provided by Cooper Center Council, Volcano Community Association, and more. To be in the parade, download the entry form at volcanocommunity.org and email to vcainfo@yahoo.com. Vendors, download applications at thecoopercenter.org and email to idoaloha@gmail.com, or call Tara Holmes, 464-3625, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m.

Head Coaches for Coed Judo, Coed Swimming, and Boys Basketball are wanted by Kaʻū High School for the 2019-2020 school year. Applications, due Monday, July 8, can be picked up at the school office weekdays, 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. Coaches hired by Hawaiʻi Department of Education are required to pass a criminal background check. Contact Kaʻū High Athletic Director Kalei Namohala 313-4161 with questions.

Full-Time Teaching Assistant Sought by Tūtū & Me to implement curriculum for caregivers and keiki in Tūtū & Me Traveling Preschool in Kaʻū. Competitive salary and benefits package, including medical, dental, drug, and vision; flexible spending plan; 403b retirement plan; vacation, sick days, and 14 paid days off; and more.
     Minimum requirement is a high school diploma. Early Childhood Education, related coursework, and/or experience working children preferred. For more, visit pidf.org/about/careers. Apply by emailing resume and cover letter to hr@pidfoundation.org or fax to 808-440-6619.

Hi-Employment Seeks Student Employees to work in a macadamia nut orchard on weekends and holidays. Duties include hand-harvesting macadamia nuts, filling and transporting nut bags and buckets, loading 25-plus pound bags into truck beds, and possible clearing of brush and branches. Applicants must be at least 15 years old, have a work permit, two forms of ID, and transportation to "Panaʻewa Stretch." Call for more details, 238-3741, hi-employment.com.

Experience Volcano Festival is still looking for vendors. Booths for the event are $25 per day for Saturday, July 27 and Sunday, July 28. The event is coordinated with the new ʻŌhiʻa Lehua Half Marathon, 5K, and Keiki Dash on the 27th. Apply at experiencevolcano.com/vendor-application.
     Experience Volcano is a group of businesses and residents helping to rebuild the economy of Volcano, following last year's volcanic disaster that shut down Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park and drastically reduced the visitor county which is now recovering.

ʻŌhiʻa Lehua Half Marathon, 5K, and Keiki Dash happens Saturday, July 27 in Volcano Village, It replaces the Volcano Rain Forest Runs. Register at ohialehuahalf.com.

6th Annual Ka‘ū Coffee Trail Run Registration, webscorer.com/register?raceid=166020. 5K, 10K, 1/2 Marathon races through mac nut and coffee fields along slopes of Ka‘ū starting at 7a.m., Sept. 21, Ka‘ū Coffee Mill. Sponsored by Ka‘ū Coffee Mill and ‘O Ka‘ū Kākou. Prices increase after July 9. okaukakou.orgkaucoffeemill.com

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