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The eruption in Halema‘uma‘u, at Kīlauea's summit, continues Saturday evening. USGS photo by L. DeSmither |
THE ISLAND IN THE THE LAVA LAKE at Halema'uma'u is most likely afloat and growing a small cone, according to USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory scientists. They report that shifts in the volcanic gas plume allowed field crews to glimpse at the surface of the main island that formed during the last eruption.
"The island appears to be blanketed with a new coating of spatter and tephra from nearby fissures within the lava lake, with minor overflows at the edges," reports USGS. Measurements by field crews indicated that the highest point on the island was 8 m (26 ft) higher than it was earlier this month; since it is unlikely that the deposit of new spatter and tephra is actually this thick, the measurements seem to indicate the island has lifted up and is floating within the lava lake once again, reports USGS.
"The island appears to be blanketed with a new coating of spatter and tephra from nearby fissures within the lava lake, with minor overflows at the edges," reports USGS. Measurements by field crews indicated that the highest point on the island was 8 m (26 ft) higher than it was earlier this month; since it is unlikely that the deposit of new spatter and tephra is actually this thick, the measurements seem to indicate the island has lifted up and is floating within the lava lake once again, reports USGS.
The island floats on a lake full of lava. The infusion of the crater was rapid when the eruption began on Wednesday afternoon.
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| The northern part of the island in Halema'uma'u crater, showing a coating of spatter and tephra. Scientists said the island may be floating again as it appears to be higher in the lake. This zoomed-in view shows the northeast part of the island. USGS photo by M. Zoeller |
The lake reached 60 ft. in depth within a few hours, according to USGS. The infusion slowed and steadied to about 100 to 200 cubic meters a second, similar to the rate of the 2018 eruption.
USGS reports that in contrast, the Pu'u O'o eruption on the Hilo side of Volcano, put out three to five cubic meters of lava per second over its life between 1983 and 2018.
On Saturday evening, USGS reported at least three fountaining sources in Halema'uma'i crater. Spatter from the fountain near the southeast edge of the island in the center of the lava lake (that formed during the December 2020-May 2021 eruption) is constructing a small cone on the island.
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With permission from Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory scientists continue to monitor the ongoing eruption within Halema‘uma‘u, at Kīlauea's summit. As of Saturday evening, no significant changes occurred over the past 24 hours. When HVO geologists are not in the field, webcameras, such as one pictured here, allow HVO staff and the public to monitor the eruption remotely. Kīlauea summit webcams are available here. USGS photo by L. DeSmither. |
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| Saturday evening view of the lava lake and floating island at Halema'uma'u. USGS photo by L. DeSmither. |
USGS also reported this evening that the rate of lava lake rise has slowed since the early phase of the eruption. As of Saturday evening, in 24 hours, the lava lake surface rose approximately 4 meters (4.4 yds). In total, the lava lake surface has risen approximately 24 m (26 yds) since the eruption started. Localized and discontinuous crustal foundering continued, displaying a process by which cool lava crust on the surface of the lava lake is overridden by less-dense liquid from below causing the crust to sink into the underlying lake lava). Seismicity was stable, with few earthquakes and ongoing eruptive tremor. Summit tiltmeters continued to record slowing deflationary tilt through the past 24 hours.
Field crews Saturday morning measured fountain heights of approximately 7 meters (7.7 yds) from the main vent and 1-2 meters (1.1-2.2 yds) from the southernmost vents. Occasional fountain height bursts have been observed over the past 24 hours, including a burst this morning with estimated heights of 50-60 meters (55-66 yds), reported USGS. See Volcano Watch below for more on the beginning of the eruption.
To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see www.facebook.com/kaucalendar/. See latest print edition at kaucalendar.com.
Kaʻū HOSA was founded in 2016 and is growing. Every year most Kaʻū participants qualify to compete in States and a number qualify for Nationals. "Recognized internationally, it is a competitive prestigious program that creates an environment for growth towards future medical and health professions," said Miyashiro. "In addition we are incorporating a Rural Health Youth Advocacy Club. The mission is advocating for rural health to improve the health and well-being of the school and community." Community service hours include partnering with Hilo Medical Center and UH of Hilo, working on Wellness Fairs, assisting the Kaʻū Rural Health Community Association program with Jessie Marques, assisting with Kaʻū Hospital, peer teaching younger students health care and prevention, and volunteering
in the broader community through health advocacy opportunities.
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Dr. Angie Miyashiro, right, with Future Health Professionals organization members at Kaʻū High School. At left is Lark Morin who works for the State HOSA, is in charge of the UH Hilo HOSA, and supervises the Maui HOSA. Photo from Angie Miyashiro |
KAʻŪ HIGH CHAPTER OF HOSA: FUTURE HEALTH PROFESSIONALS is up and running for the 2020 - 2021 school year under the direction of Dr. Angela Miyashiro. She is a staff member, with a Phd in Sports Education, teaching physical education at the school. HOSA: Future Health Professionals is a nationwide, student-led organization endorsed by U.S. Department of Education and Health Science Education Division of the Association for Career and Technical Education.
As a Career and Technical Student Organization, HOSA thrives in Hawai'i, said Miyashiro. After becoming chartered in 2005 with 210 members representing 12 schools, Hawai'i HOSA grew to 23 Hawai'i high schools and eight postsecondary institutions with a membership exceeding 1,200.
in the broader community through health advocacy opportunities.
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| Dr. Angie Miyashiro leads HOSA at Kaʻū High. In 2018, she was Kaʻū's teacher of the year, while her husband Stewart Miyashiro was Teacher of the Year at Pāhoa High. Between them is Gov. David Ige. Photo by David Berry |
HOSA at Kaʻū High hosted Kaʻū Health and Wellness Fair and Easter Hunt for three years until Covid hit.
Interested students and community volunteers can contact Miyuashiro through angela.miyashiro@k12.hi.us or through calling the school at 808-313-4100.
Miyashiro noted that HOSA provides a unique program of leadership development, motivation, and recognition designed to meet the needs of secondary and postsecondary students interested in health and medical professions. She called it a powerful instructional tool that works best when integrated into Health Science/Services curricula. She said that Health Services Career Pathway, Health Academy, and Small Learning Community teachers are committed to the development of their students with HOSA competitive events, community service projects, and leadership activities. Students who join HOSA receive training far beyond the basic technical skills needed for entry into the healthcare field. They are provided experiences that will strengthen their focus on education and training necessary for a career in healthcare.
Established in 1976, HOSA has grown to over 150,000 members among 49 state associations (including Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia). Through a student-led pipeline, HOSA members make significant contributions to overcoming the shortage of healthcare workers in our country, said Miyashiro.
Miyashiro noted that HOSA provides a unique program of leadership development, motivation, and recognition designed to meet the needs of secondary and postsecondary students interested in health and medical professions. She called it a powerful instructional tool that works best when integrated into Health Science/Services curricula. She said that Health Services Career Pathway, Health Academy, and Small Learning Community teachers are committed to the development of their students with HOSA competitive events, community service projects, and leadership activities. Students who join HOSA receive training far beyond the basic technical skills needed for entry into the healthcare field. They are provided experiences that will strengthen their focus on education and training necessary for a career in healthcare.
Established in 1976, HOSA has grown to over 150,000 members among 49 state associations (including Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia). Through a student-led pipeline, HOSA members make significant contributions to overcoming the shortage of healthcare workers in our country, said Miyashiro.
To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see www.facebook.com/kaucalendar/. See latest print edition at kaucalendar.com.
HO'OKENA IS ONE OF THE NEARSHORE WATERS WITH TIME-OUT AREAS proposed by NOAA Fisheries. The time-out periods for humans would be from 6 a.m. and 3 p.m. daily, in portions of the waters of Ho'okena, Kealakekua, Hōnaunau, and Makako Bays. Spinner dolphins use theses socialize, nurture their young, shelter from predators, and rest in preparation for nightly hunting” out at sea. These bays are essential daytime habitat, according to NOAA. Another time-out area is proposed for La Perouse Bay on Maui. Public comment on the time-out closures runs until Dec. 27. A NOAA report explains, "Even though spinner dolphins can simply 'swim away' from people or vessels if they are disturbed, doing so interrupts their rest. It keeps them in a state of vigilance, and forces them to expend energy to increase their swimming speed and/or change direction. This energy expenditure leads to less energy available for other important behaviors, such as hunting and nurturing their young, affecting their health and ability to feed."
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During their daily resting period, Hawaiian spinner dolphins are exposed to disturbance from people seeking close interactions. A new regulation prohibits swimming with, approaching, or remaining within 50 yards of a Hawaiian spinner dolphin, and a new rule has been proposed for time area closures in the dolphins’ essential daytime habitats. Shown here: Kayakers getting close to spinner dolphins. Photo by Julian Tyne |
SPINNER DOLPHINS OFTEN APPROACH SWIMMING HUMANS, but a new federal rule prohibits people from coming closer than 50 yards. The rule, which goes into effect Oct. 28, prohibits swimming with spinner dolphins and approaching them, even if on surfboard, paddleboard, canoe, kayak or other boat. The new rule, explained this week by NOAA Fisheries, covers all Hawaiian waters up to two nautical miles from shore, plus the interisland waters between Maui, Lana'i and Kaho'olawe.
According to the new rule, if spinners approach people and their marine going vessels, the humans won't be prosecuted by NOAA and its Hawai'i state partner Department of Land & Natural Resources,
under the following conditions:
People inadvertently coming within 50 yards of a Hawaiian spinner dolphin who are approached by a spinner dolphin, provided they make no effort to engage or pursue the animal and take immediate
steps to move away from it;
Vessels underway and approached by a spinner dolphin, provided they continue normal navigation and make no effort to engage or pursue the dolphin; Vessels transiting to or from a port, harbor, or in a restricted channel to maintain safe navigation when a 50-yard distance will not allow the vessel to maintain
safe navigation;
Vessel operations necessary to avoid imminent and serious threats;
Vessels that are anchored or aground and approached by a spinner dolphin, provided the vessel makes no effort to engage or pursue the dolphin;
People or vessels conducting activities authorized through a NOAA Fisheries permit or authorization
Government vessels and personnel conducting official duties;
Commercial fishing vessels that incidentally “take” a spinner dolphin during normal fishing operations, provided that they operate legally according to the Marine Mammal Protection Act.
To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see www.facebook.com/kaucalendar/. See latest print edition at kaucalendar.com.
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| Spinner dolphins face increasing pressure from people seeking close interactions. Shown here: Multiple boats and dozens of people in the water with spinner dolphins. NOAA photo |
To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see www.facebook.com/kaucalendar/. See latest print edition at kaucalendar.com.
These changes prompted the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) to issue a Volcanic Activity Notice (VAN) and Volcano Observatory Notice for Aviation (VONA), elevating Kīlauea’s Volcano Alert Level and Aviation Color Code to WATCH/ORANGE at 3:09 p.m. The change in status indicated that an eruption could be imminent and fissures opened in the floor of Halemaʻumaʻu less than 20 minutes later. A second VAN/VONA was released, raising Kīlauea’s Volcano Alert Level and Aviation Color Code to WARNING/RED to notify the public and emergency managers that a new Kīlauea summit eruption had begun.
Summit tiltmeters began to record a higher rate of inflationary tilt during the 40 minutes preceding the start of the eruption; a total of 11 microradians at the nearest instrument. After the onset of the eruption, the tilt changed to a steady deflationary trend that is continuing.
Immediately before lava erupted, uplift of the older, solidified crust was seen in a few webcam image frames in the area where the fissures opened. The initial fissure cut across the middle of the Halemaʻumaʻu crater floor and was followed about an hour later (around 4:40 p.m.) by a fissure with several vents on the western wall of Halemaʻumaʻu. Multiple active vents continue to feed the growing lava lake that has risen approximately 20 m (65 ft) since the eruption started. The tallest lava fountain, near the southern end of the lava lake, has been measured at sustained heights of approximately 20–25 m (65–82 ft) throughout the night and into the morning of September 30th.
A preliminary calculation of the average eruption rate so far was approximately 120 cubic meters (4,238 cubic ft) per second resulting in a total erupted volume of roughly 10 million cubic meters (350 million cubic ft). These high eruption rates are accompanied by huge releases of volcanic gases—especially sulfur dioxide (SO2)—which is one of the primary hazards related to summit eruptions. Initial rates of SO2 emissions were measured at about 85,000 tonnes per day just after the start of the eruption.
The opening phases of eruptions can be unpredictable before the eruptive vents stabilize and HVO staff continue to monitor the ongoing eruption for any future changes. And while it’s not possible to predict exactly how long the current eruption may last, we expect that more summit and upper rift zone eruptions are likely in the coming years as Kīlauea continues to re-pressurize and re-establish magma pathways after the 2018 eruption.
A helicopter overflight on September 30, 2021, at approximately 7:30 a.m. HST allowed for aerial visual and thermal imagery to be collected of Halema‘uma‘u crater at the summit of Kīlauea. This thermal map shows a closer view of the new lava lake within Halema‘uma‘u. The scale of the thermal map ranges from blue to red, with blue colors indicative of cooler temperatures and red colors indicative of warmer temperatures. The dimensions of the new lava lake are 980 m (1070 yd) E-W axis and 710 m (780 yd) in N-S axis. The estimated area of the lake is about 52 hectares (127 acres). USGS map by M. Patrick.
PUNALUʻU BAKESHOP online at bakeshophawaii.com and in-person 8:30 a.m. to 5 p.m., seven days a week in x.
ALIʻI HAWAIʻI HULA HANDS COFFEE. Order by calling 928-0608 or emailing alihhhcoffee@yahoo.com.
AIKANE PLANTATION COFFEE COMPANY. Order online at aikaneplantation.com. Call 808-927-2252
MIRANDA'S FARMS KAʻŪ COFFEE. Order online at mirandafarms.com or, in person at 73-7136 Mamalahoa Hwy. See latest print edition at kaucalendar.com..
KUAHIWI RANCH STORE, in person. Shop weekdays, 10 a.m. to 5 p.m., Sunday, 11 am to 3 p.m. at 95-5520 Hwy 11. Locally processed grass-fed beef, live meat chickens, and feed for cattle, goats, sheep, chickens, horses, dogs, and pigs. Call 929-7333 of 938-1625, email kaohi@kuahiwiranch.com.
DEPRESSED, ANXIOUS, NEED SOMEONE TO TALK TO? Call Department of Health's expanded Hawai‘i C.A.R.E.S. program at 1-800-753-6879 – the same number previously used by Crisis Line of Hawai‘i. Individuals in crisis can also text ALOHA to 741741, available 24/7.
LEARN SELF-CARE THROUGH Big Island Substance Abuse Council's Practice Self-Care Series. For additional series that feature refreshing wellness tips, follow the Behavioral Health & Homelessness Statewide Unified Response Group at facebook.com/bhhsurg
WOMEN'S COLLECTIVE OFFERS HEALTH PROGRAMS. Piko focuses on reproductive health; increasing access, respect, cultural competence, education, and choice. Pilina aims to grow membership and establish a culture of collaborative decision-making. Follow @kau_womens_health_collective. Contact rootsmedieshawaii@gmail.com. Call 808-450-0498.
YOGA WITH EMILY Catey Weiss, Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, 8 a.m. to 9 a.m. at Volcano Art Center Niʻaulani Campus in Volcano Village. Advanced registration required; $5 per class. volcanoartcenter.org/events, 967-8222.
CHOOSE ALOHA FOR HOME is available to families, to provide a healthy way to grow together using neuroscience and positive psychology. Program uses a series of self-guided videos, activities, and "dinner table discussion topics." Sign up at chooselovemovement.org/choose-love-home.
EDUCATION
Free Book Exchanges, at laundromats in Ocean View and Nāʻālehu, provided by Friends of the Kaʻū Libraries. Open to all. Keep the books, pass them on to other readers, or return them. Selection of books replenished weekly at both sites.
Read Report on Public Input about Disaster Recovery from damage during the 2018 Kīlauea eruption.
View the Civic Engagement and Comment Analysis Report at rb.gy/awu65k.
Learn About Hawaiʻi's History & Culture through Papakilo Database, papakilodatabase.com.
Virtual Workshops on Hawaiʻi's Legislative Processes through Public Access Room. Sign up by contacting (808) 587-0478 or par@capitol.hawaii.gov. Ask questions and discuss all things legislative in a non-partisan environment. Attend Coffee Hour with PAR: Fridays at 3 p.m. on Zoom, meeting ID 990 4865 9652 or click zoom.us/j/99048659652. PAR staff will be available to answer questions and to discuss the legislative process. Anyone wanting to listen in without taking part in discussions is welcome. Learn more at lrb.hawaii.gov/public-access-room.
Online Directory at shopbigisland.com, co-sponsored by County of Hawai‘i, has a signup sheet for local businesses to fill in the blanks. The only requirement is a physical address on this island.
COMMUNITY
Food Assistance: Apply for The Volcano School of Arts & Sciences COVID-19 Family Relief Funds. Funded by Volcano Community Association, and members of the VSAS Friends and Governing Boards, who have donated, the fund supplies KTA or Dimple Cheek Gift Cards, or gift cards to other locally owned business, to VSAS families in need. Contact Kim Miller at 985-8537, kmiller@volcanoschool.net. Contributions to the fund can be sent in by check to: VSAS, PO Box 845, Volcano, HI 96785 – write Relief Fund in the memo. See volcanoschool.net
ENROLL CHILDREN, from first through eighth grade, in Kula ʻAmakihi, a program from Volcano School of the Arts & Sciences. It started Aug. 3. Call 808-985- 9800 or visit www.volcanoschool.net.
WALK THROUGH A GUIDED NATURE TRAIL & Sculpture Garden, Mondays, 9:30 a.m. at Volcano Art Center Niʻaulani Campus in Volcano Village. No reservations for five or fewer – limited to ten people. Free; donations appreciated. Email programs@volcanoartcenter.org. Garden is open to walk through at one's own pace, 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. weekdays. www.volcanoartcenter.org. Call 967-8222.
KAʻŪ ART GALLERY is open Wednesdays and Saturdays from 9 a.m. - 3 p.m. in Nāʻālehu. It features and sells works by local artists and offers other gift items.Vendor applications are being accepted for its Holiday Arts & Crafts Sale on Saturday, Nov. 13. Kaʻū Art Gallery's website has 24/7 access online and is frequently updated to show current inventory items. "We are always looking to collaborate with local artists in our community," said assistant Alexandra Kaupu. Artists with an interest in being featured at Kaʻū Art Gallery and Gift Shop, contact gallery owner and director Corrine Kaupu at kauartgallery@hawaiiantel.biz.
GOLF & MEMBERSHIPS for Discovery Harbour Golf Course and its Clubhouse: The Club offers Social Memberships, with future use of the clubhouse and current use of the pickleball courts as well as walking and running on specified areas of the golf course before 8 a.m. and after 3 p.m. to enjoy the panoramiocean views. Golf memberships range from unlimited play for the avid golfer to casual play options. Membership is required to play and practice golf on the course. All golf memberships include Social Membership amenities. Membership fees are designed to help underwrite programs and improvements to the facilities.Call 808-731-5122 or stop by the Clubhouse during business hours, 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. daily at 94-1581 Kaulua Circle. Email clubatdiscoveryharbour@gmail.com. See The Club at Discovery Harbour Facebook page.
ALOHA FRIDAY MARKETPLACE, hosted by Kaʻū Main Street, is from 9 a.m. to 2 p.m., grounds of The Old Shirakawa Estate in Waiʻohinu. It features: Made in Hawai'i Products, Organic Produce, Creative Crafts, ARt, Flower and Plants, Food, Ka`u Coffee, Gluen Free Low Carb Goodies, Wellness Services and Products, Clothing, Hand Crafted Treats, Music and more. Vendor and customer inquiries: AlohaFridayMarket@gmail.com.
VOLCANO FARMERS MARKET, Cooper Center, Volcano Village on Sundays. 6 a.m. to 10 a.m., with much local produce, baked goods, food to go, island beef and Hawai‘i Coffee. Cooper Center's EBT Machine, used at the Farmer's Market, is out of service until further notice. EBT is used for Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, formerly Food Stamps. Call 808-967-7800.
OCEAN VIEW COMMUNITY MARKET, open Saturdays and Thursdays, 6:30 a.m. to 2 p.m., on the corner of Kona Drive and Highway 11, where Thai Grindz is located. Managed by Mark Council. Masks mandatory. 100-person limit, social distancing required. Gate unlocked for vendors at 5:30 a.m., $15 dollars, no reservations needed. Parking in upper lot only. Vendors must provide own sanitizer. Food vendor permits required. Carpooling encouraged.
O KAʻŪ KĀKOU MARKET, in Nāʻālehu, open Wednesday, and Saturday, 8 a.m. to noon. Limit of 50 customers per hour, 20 vendor booths, with 20 feet of space between vendors. Masks and hand sanitizing required, social distancing enforced. Contact Sue Barnett, OKK Market Manager, at 808-345-9374 (voice or text) or kaufarmer@aol.com for more and to apply to vend. See facebook.com/OKauKakouMarket.
OCEAN VIEW SWAP MEET is open at Ocean View makai shopping center, near Mālama Market. Hours for patrons are 8 a.m. to 3 p.m. Saturday and Sunday. Vendor set-up time is 5 a.m. Masks required.
BUY LOCAL GIFTS ONLINE, IN-PERSON
VOLCANO ART CENTER ONLINE, in person. Shop at Niʻaulani Campus in Volcano Village, Monday through Friday, 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. Gallery in Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park, open Wednesday through Sunday, 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. Virtual Shopping Appointments offered via Skype or FaceTime. Book at volcanoartcenter.org/shop for $5. Shop online gallery 24/7. Orders shipped or free local pickup available. See the VAC Virtual Classroom, which features over 90 videos. See volcanoartcenter.org/events, call 967-8222.
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| Telephoto aerial image of eruption in Halemaʻumaʻu at Kīlauea Volcano's summit taken during an overflight at approximately 7:30 a.m. HST on September 30, 2021. A series of fountains in the central portion of the lava lake are visible, as well as the prominent vent in the west wall of Halemaʻumaʻu. The island, which formed during the early phase of the December 2020-May 2021 eruption within Halemaʻumaʻu, remains above the new lava lake surface and is visible in the center of the photo. USGS image by K. Mulliken |
VOLCANO WATCH REVIEWED THIS WEEK'S NEW ERUPTION IN HALEMA'UMA'U CRATER. The weekly column is written by USGS scientists and affiliates:
Like the prior eruption that began in December 2020, this new activity is confined entirely within Halemaʻumaʻu. The new lava is continuing to fill the crater that collapsed in 2018 and is creating a new lava lake on top of the older one. Similar lava lakes frequently formed after collapse events in Halemaʻumaʻu in the 1800s. This pattern of summit collapse and subsequent lava lake filling is one that Kīlauea has exhibited in the past.
Both the December 2020 eruption and current eruption were immediately preceded by about an hour of elevated seismicity beneath Halemaʻumaʻu. However, increased earthquake activity in the summit or upper East Rift Zone—as well as intrusions of magma beneath the summit region—provided clues of increased eruption potential prior to the eruptions.
Following the intrusion of magma into Kīlauea’s south caldera and Southwest Rift Zone in late-August 2021, earthquake counts dropped to very low levels. Earthquake activity slightly increased on September 24, breaking the one-month-long seismically quiet period.
A swarm of earthquakes began in the upper East Rift Zone beneath Pauahi Crater just before midnight on September 28 and alerted HVO seismologists to an increase in activity. Overnight, smaller earthquakes were recorded closer to the summit followed by a smaller swarm near Puhimau Crater on Chain of Craters road within Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. After a relatively quite morning on September 29, earthquake activity abruptly increased beneath Kīlauea’s summit around 2:00 p.m. About 30 minutes later the intensity, frequencies, and shallowness of earthquakes coupled with rapid changes in ground deformation patterns, indicated magma was moving upward beneath Halemaʻumaʻu.
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| Aerial image of eruption in Halemaʻumaʻu at Kīlauea Volcano's summit taken during an overflight at approximately 7:30 a.m. HST on Sept. 30. USGS image by K. Mulliken |
Summit tiltmeters began to record a higher rate of inflationary tilt during the 40 minutes preceding the start of the eruption; a total of 11 microradians at the nearest instrument. After the onset of the eruption, the tilt changed to a steady deflationary trend that is continuing.
Immediately before lava erupted, uplift of the older, solidified crust was seen in a few webcam image frames in the area where the fissures opened. The initial fissure cut across the middle of the Halemaʻumaʻu crater floor and was followed about an hour later (around 4:40 p.m.) by a fissure with several vents on the western wall of Halemaʻumaʻu. Multiple active vents continue to feed the growing lava lake that has risen approximately 20 m (65 ft) since the eruption started. The tallest lava fountain, near the southern end of the lava lake, has been measured at sustained heights of approximately 20–25 m (65–82 ft) throughout the night and into the morning of September 30th.
A preliminary calculation of the average eruption rate so far was approximately 120 cubic meters (4,238 cubic ft) per second resulting in a total erupted volume of roughly 10 million cubic meters (350 million cubic ft). These high eruption rates are accompanied by huge releases of volcanic gases—especially sulfur dioxide (SO2)—which is one of the primary hazards related to summit eruptions. Initial rates of SO2 emissions were measured at about 85,000 tonnes per day just after the start of the eruption.
The opening phases of eruptions can be unpredictable before the eruptive vents stabilize and HVO staff continue to monitor the ongoing eruption for any future changes. And while it’s not possible to predict exactly how long the current eruption may last, we expect that more summit and upper rift zone eruptions are likely in the coming years as Kīlauea continues to re-pressurize and re-establish magma pathways after the 2018 eruption.
A helicopter overflight on September 30, 2021, at approximately 7:30 a.m. HST allowed for aerial visual and thermal imagery to be collected of Halema‘uma‘u crater at the summit of Kīlauea. This thermal map shows a closer view of the new lava lake within Halema‘uma‘u. The scale of the thermal map ranges from blue to red, with blue colors indicative of cooler temperatures and red colors indicative of warmer temperatures. The dimensions of the new lava lake are 980 m (1070 yd) E-W axis and 710 m (780 yd) in N-S axis. The estimated area of the lake is about 52 hectares (127 acres). USGS map by M. Patrick.To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see www.facebook.com/kaucalendar/. See latest print edition at kaucalendar.com.
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Read the entire Kaʻū Calendar and back issues at www.kaucalendar.com. Find it in the mail from Volcano through Pāhala, Nāʻālehu, Ocean View to Miloli'i. Pick it up from newsstands.   |
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| https://www.facebook.com/groups/2659334410969387/ |
KAʻŪ COFFEE MILL & VISITOR CENTER. Buy online at kaucoffeemill.com and in person at 96-2694 Wood Valley Road, daily, 9 a.m. to 3 p.m.
PUNALUʻU BAKESHOP online at bakeshophawaii.com and in-person 8:30 a.m. to 5 p.m., seven days a week in x.
ALIʻI HAWAIʻI HULA HANDS COFFEE. Order by calling 928-0608 or emailing alihhhcoffee@yahoo.com.
AIKANE PLANTATION COFFEE COMPANY. Order online at aikaneplantation.com. Call 808-927-2252
MIRANDA'S FARMS KAʻŪ COFFEE. Order online at mirandafarms.com or, in person at 73-7136 Mamalahoa Hwy. See latest print edition at kaucalendar.com..
KUAHIWI RANCH STORE, in person. Shop weekdays, 10 a.m. to 5 p.m., Sunday, 11 am to 3 p.m. at 95-5520 Hwy 11. Locally processed grass-fed beef, live meat chickens, and feed for cattle, goats, sheep, chickens, horses, dogs, and pigs. Call 929-7333 of 938-1625, email kaohi@kuahiwiranch.com.
DEPRESSED, ANXIOUS, NEED SOMEONE TO TALK TO? Call Department of Health's expanded Hawai‘i C.A.R.E.S. program at 1-800-753-6879 – the same number previously used by Crisis Line of Hawai‘i. Individuals in crisis can also text ALOHA to 741741, available 24/7.
LEARN SELF-CARE THROUGH Big Island Substance Abuse Council's Practice Self-Care Series. For additional series that feature refreshing wellness tips, follow the Behavioral Health & Homelessness Statewide Unified Response Group at facebook.com/bhhsurg
WOMEN'S COLLECTIVE OFFERS HEALTH PROGRAMS. Piko focuses on reproductive health; increasing access, respect, cultural competence, education, and choice. Pilina aims to grow membership and establish a culture of collaborative decision-making. Follow @kau_womens_health_collective. Contact rootsmedieshawaii@gmail.com. Call 808-450-0498.
YOGA WITH EMILY Catey Weiss, Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, 8 a.m. to 9 a.m. at Volcano Art Center Niʻaulani Campus in Volcano Village. Advanced registration required; $5 per class. volcanoartcenter.org/events, 967-8222.
CHOOSE ALOHA FOR HOME is available to families, to provide a healthy way to grow together using neuroscience and positive psychology. Program uses a series of self-guided videos, activities, and "dinner table discussion topics." Sign up at chooselovemovement.org/choose-love-home.
EDUCATION
Register for Boys & Girls Club Mobile Outreach and Tutoring Programs at rb.gy/o1o2hy. For keiki grades 1-6. Contact Boys & Girls Club of the Big Island Administrative Office, Monday through Friday, 9 a.m. to 5 p.m., at (808) 961-5536 or email mobiletutoring@bgcbi.org or info@bgcbi.org.
ʻOhana Help Desk offers online How-To Guides for Chromebooks and iPads at rb.gy/8er9wm. ʻOhana Help Desk also available by phone, weekdays, 7 a.m. to 8 p.m., Sundays from 4 p.m. to 8 p.m.
Invite Park Rangers to Virtually Visit Classes, through connecting with teachers and home-schoolers with distance learning programs and virtual huakaʻi (field trips). Contact havo_education@nps.gov.
ʻOhana Help Desk offers online How-To Guides for Chromebooks and iPads at rb.gy/8er9wm. ʻOhana Help Desk also available by phone, weekdays, 7 a.m. to 8 p.m., Sundays from 4 p.m. to 8 p.m.
Invite Park Rangers to Virtually Visit Classes, through connecting with teachers and home-schoolers with distance learning programs and virtual huakaʻi (field trips). Contact havo_education@nps.gov.
Public Libraries are open for WiFi, pick-up, and other services. Nāʻālehu open Monday and Wednesday, 9 a.m. to 4 p.m., Friday, 11 a.m. to 4 p.m. Pāhala open Tuesday, noon to 7 p.m., Thursday, 9 a.m. to 4 p.m., limited entry into library with Wiki Visits. Schedule a Library Take Out time at picktime.com/hspls. Open for library card account help and reference assistance from the front door. WiFi available to anyone with a library card, from each library parking lot. See librarieshawaii.org.
Free Book Exchanges, at laundromats in Ocean View and Nāʻālehu, provided by Friends of the Kaʻū Libraries. Open to all. Keep the books, pass them on to other readers, or return them. Selection of books replenished weekly at both sites.
Read Report on Public Input about Disaster Recovery from damage during the 2018 Kīlauea eruption.
View the Civic Engagement and Comment Analysis Report at rb.gy/awu65k.
Learn About Hawaiʻi's History & Culture through Papakilo Database, papakilodatabase.com.
Virtual Workshops on Hawaiʻi's Legislative Processes through Public Access Room. Sign up by contacting (808) 587-0478 or par@capitol.hawaii.gov. Ask questions and discuss all things legislative in a non-partisan environment. Attend Coffee Hour with PAR: Fridays at 3 p.m. on Zoom, meeting ID 990 4865 9652 or click zoom.us/j/99048659652. PAR staff will be available to answer questions and to discuss the legislative process. Anyone wanting to listen in without taking part in discussions is welcome. Learn more at lrb.hawaii.gov/public-access-room.
Online Directory at shopbigisland.com, co-sponsored by County of Hawai‘i, has a signup sheet for local businesses to fill in the blanks. The only requirement is a physical address on this island.
COMMUNITY
Food Assistance: Apply for The Volcano School of Arts & Sciences COVID-19 Family Relief Funds. Funded by Volcano Community Association, and members of the VSAS Friends and Governing Boards, who have donated, the fund supplies KTA or Dimple Cheek Gift Cards, or gift cards to other locally owned business, to VSAS families in need. Contact Kim Miller at 985-8537, kmiller@volcanoschool.net. Contributions to the fund can be sent in by check to: VSAS, PO Box 845, Volcano, HI 96785 – write Relief Fund in the memo. See volcanoschool.net
ENROLL CHILDREN, from first through eighth grade, in Kula ʻAmakihi, a program from Volcano School of the Arts & Sciences. It started Aug. 3. Call 808-985- 9800 or visit www.volcanoschool.net.
WALK THROUGH A GUIDED NATURE TRAIL & Sculpture Garden, Mondays, 9:30 a.m. at Volcano Art Center Niʻaulani Campus in Volcano Village. No reservations for five or fewer – limited to ten people. Free; donations appreciated. Email programs@volcanoartcenter.org. Garden is open to walk through at one's own pace, 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. weekdays. www.volcanoartcenter.org. Call 967-8222.
KAʻŪ ART GALLERY is open Wednesdays and Saturdays from 9 a.m. - 3 p.m. in Nāʻālehu. It features and sells works by local artists and offers other gift items.Vendor applications are being accepted for its Holiday Arts & Crafts Sale on Saturday, Nov. 13. Kaʻū Art Gallery's website has 24/7 access online and is frequently updated to show current inventory items. "We are always looking to collaborate with local artists in our community," said assistant Alexandra Kaupu. Artists with an interest in being featured at Kaʻū Art Gallery and Gift Shop, contact gallery owner and director Corrine Kaupu at kauartgallery@hawaiiantel.biz.
GOLF & MEMBERSHIPS for Discovery Harbour Golf Course and its Clubhouse: The Club offers Social Memberships, with future use of the clubhouse and current use of the pickleball courts as well as walking and running on specified areas of the golf course before 8 a.m. and after 3 p.m. to enjoy the panoramiocean views. Golf memberships range from unlimited play for the avid golfer to casual play options. Membership is required to play and practice golf on the course. All golf memberships include Social Membership amenities. Membership fees are designed to help underwrite programs and improvements to the facilities.Call 808-731-5122 or stop by the Clubhouse during business hours, 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. daily at 94-1581 Kaulua Circle. Email clubatdiscoveryharbour@gmail.com. See The Club at Discovery Harbour Facebook page.
ALOHA FRIDAY MARKETPLACE, hosted by Kaʻū Main Street, is from 9 a.m. to 2 p.m., grounds of The Old Shirakawa Estate in Waiʻohinu. It features: Made in Hawai'i Products, Organic Produce, Creative Crafts, ARt, Flower and Plants, Food, Ka`u Coffee, Gluen Free Low Carb Goodies, Wellness Services and Products, Clothing, Hand Crafted Treats, Music and more. Vendor and customer inquiries: AlohaFridayMarket@gmail.com.
VOLCANO FARMERS MARKET, Cooper Center, Volcano Village on Sundays. 6 a.m. to 10 a.m., with much local produce, baked goods, food to go, island beef and Hawai‘i Coffee. Cooper Center's EBT Machine, used at the Farmer's Market, is out of service until further notice. EBT is used for Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, formerly Food Stamps. Call 808-967-7800.
OCEAN VIEW COMMUNITY MARKET, open Saturdays and Thursdays, 6:30 a.m. to 2 p.m., on the corner of Kona Drive and Highway 11, where Thai Grindz is located. Managed by Mark Council. Masks mandatory. 100-person limit, social distancing required. Gate unlocked for vendors at 5:30 a.m., $15 dollars, no reservations needed. Parking in upper lot only. Vendors must provide own sanitizer. Food vendor permits required. Carpooling encouraged.O KAʻŪ KĀKOU MARKET, in Nāʻālehu, open Wednesday, and Saturday, 8 a.m. to noon. Limit of 50 customers per hour, 20 vendor booths, with 20 feet of space between vendors. Masks and hand sanitizing required, social distancing enforced. Contact Sue Barnett, OKK Market Manager, at 808-345-9374 (voice or text) or kaufarmer@aol.com for more and to apply to vend. See facebook.com/OKauKakouMarket.
OCEAN VIEW SWAP MEET is open at Ocean View makai shopping center, near Mālama Market. Hours for patrons are 8 a.m. to 3 p.m. Saturday and Sunday. Vendor set-up time is 5 a.m. Masks required.
BUY LOCAL GIFTS ONLINE, IN-PERSON
VOLCANO ART CENTER ONLINE, in person. Shop at Niʻaulani Campus in Volcano Village, Monday through Friday, 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. Gallery in Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park, open Wednesday through Sunday, 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. Virtual Shopping Appointments offered via Skype or FaceTime. Book at volcanoartcenter.org/shop for $5. Shop online gallery 24/7. Orders shipped or free local pickup available. See the VAC Virtual Classroom, which features over 90 videos. See volcanoartcenter.org/events, call 967-8222.
