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Sunday, February 06, 2022

Ka‘ū News Briefs, Sunday, Feb. 6, 2022

Miloli'i Canoe Club is back in action with practices starting this Tuesday. Its quiver of canoes includes the historic koa canoe,
 the Malolo, shown here. Photo from Miloli'i Canoe Club

MILOLI'I CANOE CLUB RELAUNCHED on Saturday, when more than 30 new and returning paddlers gathered near shore of the remote fishing village to sign up for the 2022 paddling season. The last competitive paddling events were held in 2019, before the pandemic shut down races statewide.
    President of Miloli'i Canoe Club, Elroy Reyes, was born and raised in Miloliʻi and was one of the founding members of the club when it reorganized in 2015, with help from Pa'a Pono Miloli'i. Reyes said the 2015 relaunch came after 81 years of no involvement in statewide canoe racing.
Saturday was registration day for the 2022 paddling
season. Photo from Miloli'i Canoe Club
    However, many Miloli'i villagers kept up their physical strength over the decades through paddling their own personal 'opelu canoes, often on a daily basis, to fish for 'opelu to feed their families and community. Hoe wa'a (canoe paddling) remains a longtime tradition for the families of the fishing village of Miloli'i. 
    The Miloli'i Canoe Club has carried this strength forward by doing well in the statewide paddling seasons before the pandemic. Many of the paddlers who signed up for the new season on Saturday have lineage to generations of kupuna of the village who paddled canoe.
    One of the sacred members of the Miloli'i Canoe Club is the Malolo, a 40-foot koa wood waʻa (canoe). Reyes said the Malolo may be the oldest canoe in the state of Hawaiʻi. His great grandfather, Kekumu Kawaauhau, built it in 1928. In 1954, the Malolo won the Molokaʻi Channel Race in record-breaking time. 
Miloli'i Canoe Club President Elroy Reyes, left, with the Malolo, a koa
 canoe built in 1928 by his great grandfather, Kekumu Kawaauhau.
Photo by Katie Graham
   The Malolo has a sister waʻa, Naiʻa, who is housed by the paddlers of Hui Waa O Waiakea in Hilo. "They are twins, carved from the same koa log. Malolo is the brother and Naiʻa is the sister," said Reyes.  The Malolo was restored in 2015 by Bill Rosehill. 
    Reyes said, "My job is to be the steward of the canoe," which continues to be a central part of the Miloliʻi Canoe Club. 
    To register and learn more about the club, email miloliicc@gmail.com. Adults and keiki ages 8 and up are welcome for membership. Current County pandemic guidelines will be followed for outdoor gatherings and practice.
    Those who would like to support the Miloliʻi Canoe Club, can consider a monetary donation. More details on donating can be found at paaponomilolii.org/projects/milolii-canoe-club.
Miloli'i Canoe Club paddlers celebrated a victory, one of many achievements before the pandemic. They start practice on Tuesday for the 2022 season. Photo from Pa`a Pono Miloli'i
To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see www.facebook.com/kaucalendar/. See latest print edition at www.kaucalendar.com. See February events and Kaʻū Calendar newspaper sponsors at http://kaunewsbriefs.blogspot.com/2022/02/events-of-february-2022.html

KA`U COFFEE FARMERS GRAB LAND - AND CONTROL OF THEIR FUTURES is the headline of a Honolulu Civil Beat article published during the past week. It is written by Civil Beat agriculture writer Thomas Heaton from New Zealand, who was on the ground recently in Kaʻū to talk with food, tea and coffee farmers, ranchers and other community members for a series of stories.
   The Kaʻū Coffee story notes that among the coffee growers, "Many are former sugarcane plantation workers who, when their employer went bust, started one of the most renowned coffee regions of the world."
    The story reports the coffee lands are being sold by Resource Land Holdings, which less than six years ago, paid $1,666.66 an acre for a 6,000 acre, $10 million purchase in Kaʻū. The coffee lands are about 300 acres within the large tracts of ranch and coastal lands, forested hillsides and gulches that Resource Land Holdings purchased. The coffee farms were started under licensing to growers by the former sugar plantation that shut down and later sold the lands.
   
Delvin Navarro, right, with his Ka'u Coffee being photographed for a 2019 cover story in Japan Airlines magazine, plans
 to purchase his farm. He talked to Civil Beat for its story published this past week on the sale of Ka'u Coffee farms.
See https://www.civilbeat.org/2022/02/kau-coffee-farmers-grab-land-and-control-of-their-futures/
Photo by Julia Neal

  The Civil Beat story reports RLH's subsidiary Kaʻū Mahi's representative Jim McCully saying the coffee farms have been valued, for sale to the farmers, between $12,000 to $21,000 an acre. 
    Using those prices, that means that the approximately 300 acres of coffee lands owned by RLH at the Pear Tree and Moa'ula coffee farms, selling for an average of $17,000 an acre, would provide the company with more than $5 million - more than half of the $10 million it paid for the entire 6,000 acres in 2016.
    Kaʻū Coffee farmers told The Kaʻū Calendar that the coffee lands are priced higher per acre than most of the other lands RLH has sold in Kaʻū because the coffee farms are smaller in acreage and the coffee trees increased the value, under the RLH model for selling them. Also the subdivision will allow houses on each property and the coffee trees will belong to the new owners.
     RLH expenses to hold the coffee lands have included its management of farmers renting it, the cost of subdividing the land, any financing it may have, and putting in paved roads to the some of the farms. 
    McCully told Civil Beat that when RLH bought the property, "it was still zoned in such a way it would have been classified as a 'luxury ag subdivision' which would have priced the farmers out entirely." The Civil Beat story reports McClully saying that "he worked with the Hawai'i County’s planning department to lower the prices and reclassify the lands as purely agricultural."
    The story says that dozens - nearly half the coffee farmers - are going for the purchase. Some told The Kaʻū Calendar they have no choice but to try to buy, as they fear other people will gobble up the properties. A few coffee growers are paying cash and others are going for low interest government and private loans. Some farmers said that they hope the loan payments will cost them only a little more than the rent they pay to Kaʻū Mahi for using the land.

Moa'ula is included in a Civil Beat story about Kaʻū Coffee lands being sold, with first option to farmers.
See https://www.civilbeat.org/2022/02/kau-coffee-farmers-grab-land-and-control-of-their-futures/
Photo by Julia Neal
    Some Kaʻū Coffee Growers Cooperative representatives told The Kaʻū Calendar that prices to the farmers might have been lower if Kaʻū Mahi offered the farmers "a first right of refusal," instead of "right of first offer," meaning that the market would have set the price rather than Kaʻū Mahi setting a take-it-or leave it price for the farmers with a deadline.
     Whether the properties would go fast to outsiders, given that there is no potable water and that most lots are tied up with licenses to rent the land to the existing farmers, is still to be seen, said the advisors. They also said that the risk of Coffee Leaf Rust, the devastating disease that has wiped out coffee in other regions, has come to Kaʻū and should be disclosed by the seller in any real estate negotiation for the coffee lands. According to some of the farmers applying for loans, most are waiting to find out if they are approved and the subdivision is in the final stages of being finalized.
     The Civil Beat story quotes Kaʻū Coffee Mill manager Lou Daniele, saying some farmers on Kaʻū Mahi lands are talking to him about leasing, but there is not enough land for everyone. A number of coffee farmers spread their risk by renting property on the Coffee Mill lands, owned by Olson Trust, years ago.
    Read the Civil Beat story with more quotes from the Kaʻū Mahi representative and coffee farmers Delvin Navarro and John Ah San. The story also quotes Chris Manfredi, a former Moa'ula and Pear Tree coffee land owners' representative, who is now a coffee broker, Hawai'i Coffee Association President, and an organizer of Kaʻū Coffee Festival.

To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see www.facebook.com/kaucalendar/. See latest print edition at www.kaucalendar.com. See February events and Kaʻū Calendar newspaper sponsors at http://kaunewsbriefs.blogspot.com/2022/02/events-of-february-2022.html

LOCALICIOUS HAWAI'I ART & VIDEO CONTEST for students K-12 is open for submissions through Feb. 28. Sponsored by the Hawai'i Agricultural Foundation, the competition is entitled Producing More than Produce. It is presented by Hawai'i 
Gas.
Students are invited to submit entries of original artwork or video to support Hawai'i's agricultural industry. "The contest challenges students to use their creativity to showcase the importance of our local farmers, ranchers, and fishermen to our community," says the call for submissions.

Hawai'i Agricultural Foundation's 2020-2021 Overall Art Winner, Aileen Kang's Hawaiian Poke Bowl
    New this year, the contest incorporates video content and extends the opportunity to secondary students. Art and videos are judged separately. The art contest is open to students in grades K-5, with poster entries incorporating the theme: Hawai'i Agriculture: Producing More Than Produce. The video contest is open to students in grades 6-12 with a 30 second Public Service Announcement (PSA) on HAF's mission to promote agriculture and farming. There will be four prizes per contest, with awarded gift cards as follows: 1st place - $200, 2nd place - $150, 3rd place - $100, 4th place - $50.
    All submissions must be exclusively student-created and cannot incorporate anything, in whole or in part, that is owned or created by any third party. The eight winning entries will be part of a special 
stationery set featuring the winning pieces of art and PSAs.
    To find out more and to enter see https://www.hawaiiagfoundation.org/localicious-hawai%CA%BBi-art-and-video-contest/

To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see www.facebook.com/kaucalendar/. See latest print edition at www.kaucalendar.com. See February events and Kaʻū Calendar newspaper sponsors at http://kaunewsbriefs.blogspot.com/2022/02/events-of-february-2022.html

SEE FEBRUARY CALENDAR OF EVENTS & SPONSORS

See the February Print Edition of The Kaʻū Calendar at

Saturday, February 05, 2022

Ka‘ū News Briefs, Saturday, Feb. 5, 2022

Eucalyptus logs piled up to send to the Hu Honua, which still seeks approval to open its biofuel plant north of Hilo on the coast.
The felled trees would be shipped through Hilo to burn them for electricity. Photo by Julia Neal

HAWAI'I SUPREME COURT DISMISSED BIOENERGY PLANT HU HONUA'S appeal this week to delay a Public Utilities Commission hearing on the greenhouse-gas impact of its 28-megawatt facility located on the coast north of Hilo that would burn wood to generate electricity. The hearing had been set for Jan. 31 and the court turned down the appeal to delay it further. 
    In Kaʻū, above Pahala, stands of farmed eucalyptus and piles of logs are slated to be trucked to the power plant to burn them. The harvested wood has been decaying on the ground as Hu Honua continues appeals to the state Public Utilities Commission and courts to start up the electric plant.
     With the hearing going forward, Life of the Land Executive Director Henry Curtis said, "Now we can finally cross-examine Hu Honua`s witnesses. Then the Commission will rule based on the documented facts including the higher costs, the climate change impacts, and the hidden environmental impacts," of the proposed bioenergy factory in Pepe'ekeo.    
    Opposition to the power plant's agreement to sell electricity to Hawaiian Electric includes assertions that it could pollute the ocean, contribute to climate change problems. and that burning wood was inappropriate and costly given cheaper wind, sun, hydroelectric and geothermal energy sources. Hu Honua contends that its method of making electricity by burning wood should be included in a portfolio of energy sources for the island for maximum energy security without dependence on oil and coal. Tawhiri Power, with its windmills in Kaʻū, opposes the Hu Honua plan.
    Life of the Land filed the motion with the Hawai'i Supreme Court against Hu Hunoa's appeal to require the PUC to delay its hearing on the matter. The court wrote, "any appeal by Hu Honua (including this one) merely creates unnecessary delay.”
    Life of the Land described the history of the latest court decision as follows: "Hu Honua BioEnergy LLC wants to cut down forests and burn the wood to generate electricity to be sold to HELCO. In January, Hu Honua sought an indefinite delay in the Hawai`i Public Utilities Commission's Evidentiary Hearing scheduled to have started on January 31, 2022. After the Commission rejected the idea, Hu Honua appealed to the Hawai`i Supreme Court. Life of the Land filed a motion to dismiss."
    The court issued its decision on Friday, upholding Life of the Land`s motion to dismiss.

Tawhiri Power, with its windmills at South Point, opposes Hu Honua's wood burning model
for making electricity. Photo by Peter Anderson

To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see www.facebook.com/kaucalendar/. See latest print edition at www.kaucalendar.com. See February events and Kaʻū Calendar newspaper sponsors at http://kaunewsbriefs.blogspot.com/2022/02/events-of-february-2022.html

IN OVERTIME, THE TROJANS BEAT CHRISTIAN LIBERTY ACADEMY IN A PLAYOFF GAME in Girls Basketball on Saturday, Feb. 5. 
    The combined Kaʻū High and Volcano School of the Arts & Sciences team took the first two quarters over CLA with scores of 11-6 and 6-4. CLA come back with 11-3 in the third and the teams tied 11-11 in the fourth. The Trojans took the game with an 11-2 overtime. Final score was 43-34.
    Scoring for the Trojans were Tyra Wong Yuen - 25, Heidi Vidal - 7, Nalani Blanco-Louis - 4; Riley-Ann Brown - 3; Kawai Smith - 3 and Grace Smith - 1.
        For Girls Basketball, Big Island Interscholastic Semi's happen on Monday, Feb. 7 with Finals Wednesday, Feb. 9. State Finals are set for Wednesday, Feb. 16-19.
    In Boys Basketball, at home on Saturday, Feb. 5, the Trojans hosted Kohala Cowboys.
    In JV play, Cowboys took the first quarter 22 to 6. Ka'u took the second, 23-9. Kohala took the third 13 - 10 and the fourth 16 - 10. Scoring for the Trojans were: Tyson Junior Kuahuia-Faafia - 22; Collin Hanshew - 10; Keaka McDonald - 8; Ocean Nihipali-Sesson - 4; Jestin Panera - 3 and Patrick Riehle - 2.
    In Varsity play, Kohala swept through the quarters with 26-6, 15-6, 18-4 and 8-6. The final score was 67-22. Scoring for the Trojans were Kealiikoa Reyes-Nalu - 10; Ivan Ramos - 3; Michah /espejo - 3; cyrus Eder - 3; Keenan Toriano - 2 and Jonah Beck - 1.
    The next game remains at home taking on Kea'au Cougars on Thursday, Feb. 10 at 5 p.m. The Trojans travel to play the Pahoa Daggers on Friday, Feb. 11 at 5 p.m. and Waiakea Warriors on Monday, Feb. 14 at 6 p.m.
    BIIF Division II Semi Finals are Monday, Feb. 21. Finals are Wednesday, Feb. 23. The state Finals are March 3-5.
    Swimming took the Trojan team on Saturday, Feb. 5 for islandwide competition to be hosted at Kamehameha School in Kea'au. Swimmers travel again to Hawai'i Preparatory Academy on Saturday, Feb. 12.           BIIF finals are a two-day event on Friday Feb. 18 and Saturday, Feb. 19. State finals are March 4 and 5.

To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see www.facebook.com/kaucalendar/. See latest print edition at www.kaucalendar.com. See February events and Kaʻū Calendar newspaper sponsors at http://kaunewsbriefs.blogspot.com/2022/02/events-of-february-2022.html
     
FREE HELP WITH FAMILY HISTORY in Kaʻū  is available 4 p.m. to 7 p.m. every Tuesday. All are welcome to the Family History Center. The aim is to "Come Discover Your
Past," says the statement from The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, which hosts the weekly sessions at 95-5682 Hawai'i Belt Road in Na'alehu. The drop-in assistance includes free Ancestry.com, Family search.org, and other online resources.

To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see www.facebook.com/kaucalendar/. See latest print edition at www.kaucalendar.com. See February events and Kaʻū Calendar newspaper sponsors at http://kaunewsbriefs.blogspot.com/2022/02/events-of-february-2022.html.

APPRECIATIVE INQUIRY: LEARNING FROM EXCELLENCE IS THE KU'IKAHI MEDIATION CENTER topic for its free talk on Thursday, Feb. 17 as part of the Finding Solutions, Growing Peace Brown Bag Lunch Series. Talks are third Thursdays from noon to 1 p.m. via Zoom.

     This month's speaker is Suzanne Quinney, who explained:  "Appreciative Inquiry is a collaborative and highly participative approach to personal and community development. It identifies and enhances the 'life-

giving forces' that are present when a team, group, or business is working at its best. People become stronger when working from strengths, rather than weaknesses."
    In this talk, learn about a positive development tool for creating change, resilience, and creativity.
    Quinney specializes in appreciative and strength-based approaches, facilitating seminars and team events. Co-author of highly recommended training resources and articles on Appreciative Inquiry, she speaks at national events and international conferences. In 2019, Quinney moved back to live in NE Scotland, where she is part of the Findhorn intentional community.
    Ku'ikahi's Brown Bag Lunch Series is free and open to the public. Attendees are encouraged to enjoy an informal and educational talk-story session and connect with others interested in "Finding Solutions, Growing Peace."
    To get the Zoom link, register online at https://freebrownbagtalk.eventbrite.com. For more information, contact Ku'ikahi Mediation Center at (808) 935-7844 or info@hawaiimediation.org. Or visit www.hawaiimediation.org.
    This lunch-and-learn series is made possible thanks in part to funding from the County of Hawai'i and Hawai'i Island United Way.

To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see www.facebook.com/kaucalendar/. See latest print edition at www.kaucalendar.com. See February events and Kaʻū Calendar newspaper sponsors at http://kaunewsbriefs.blogspot.com/2022/02/events-of-february-2022.html

SEE FEBRUARY CALENDAR OF EVENTS & SPONSORS

See the February Print Edition of The Kaʻū Calendar at



Friday, February 04, 2022

Ka‘ū News Briefs, Friday, Feb. 4, 2022

New speed bumps and signage  installed Friday on Ninole Loop aim to  slow down traffic to prevent the native nēnē goose
 from being hit by vehicles in the Punalu'u area. Helping with the installation were back row Halley Ka'awa, Jason Masters, Richard Oba and Taylor Spurcheon. Front Row Bruce Wright, Eva Liu and Wayne Kawachi, of O 
Kaʻū Kakou.
Photo by Jade Cabreros

THREE SETS OF SPEED BUMPS TO PROTECT NENE that cross the road at Punalu'u were installed, along with additional signage on Friday in a three way partnership between the state Department of Land & Natural Resources, the community group O Kaʻū Kakou and land owners Eva Liu of Black Sand Beach, LLC. The aim is to slow down traffic and increase awareness that nēnē, the Hawaiian state, protected bird are in the area and walking across roads, trails and paths.
Installing the speed bumps near entrance to Punalu'u between Hwy 11
 and the condos to slow down traffic for nēnē. Photo by Jade Cabreros
      About a dozen nene are frequenting open lands at Punalu'u, particularly the golf course which was recently cleaned up and mowed by Liu and her crew. She asked that motorists going to the beach slow down to avoid hitting nēnē  that are crossing the roadways. The nene were near extinction and brought back with breeding and release programs. They enjoy golf course ponds and farm and ranch reservoirs and are spending more time at Punalu'u in recent years.

To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see www.facebook.com/kaucalendar/. See latest print edition at www.kaucalendar.com. See February events and Kaʻū Calendar newspaper sponsors at
http://kaunewsbriefs.blogspot.com/2022/02/events-of-february-2022.html
     
Nēnē geese numbers on the golf course at Punalu'u have been increasing. Photo by Eva Liu

THE RETIREMENT OF TRACKING CANINE FALCON has led to the introduction of canine Scout to the Hawai'i Police Department. Both were honored Friday at a ceremony at Onekahakaha Beach Park in Hilo.
Scout, a 20-month-old Belgian Malinois, is paired with Canine Handler Officer Corey Kaneko and assigned to the Area I (East Hawai‘i) Juvenile Aid Section, where he will help emergency responders in tracking missing children and endangered adults. Trained as a live find human tracking/cadaver canine, Scout was acquired by the department through a $16,000 donation from the Hawai‘i Island K9 Association. The donation covers purchasing Scout, his travel to Hawai‘i Island, and handler training.
    Scout began training as a live find and tracking/cadaver canine at the Houston K9 Academy in Texas, on Oct. 5, 2021. Born in the Netherlands, Scout was hand selected by Houston K9 Academy owner as a potential scent recognition dog.
    Later that same month, Officer Kaneko travelled to the Houston K9 Academy to meet a handful of potential canines for the department. He selected Scout based on the dogʻs temperament and willingness to work.
    “Every dog has the ability to track,” says Officer Kaneko. “It’s just that some track better than others and Scout shows a high drive to track. I’m thankful for getting the opportunity to go to the Houston K9 Academy and be able to make an in-person selection of Scout from three quality choices.”
Officer Corey Kaneko and K9 Scout with Sergeant Steffen and K9 Falcon. Photo from HPD
    Once Scout was selected for the department, he received a series of vaccination shots over a period of time, further training, and received a final bill of health before arriving on island in late January.
    As Scout gets acclimated to Hawaiʻi and his new handler, both he and Officer Kaneko will undergo a final 40-hour training with a Honolulu-based certified K9 trainer, Corporal Wayne Silva, Special Services Division/Canine Unit, Honolulu Police Department (retired), the cost of which is covered by the Hawaiʻi Island K9 Association donation.
    Scout joins the department just as Falcon, a nine-year-old Labrador Retriever, retires. During his seven years with the department, Falcon was called out roughly 50 times and was responsible for the recovery of missing children who wandered away and assisted in finding endangered adults. In addition to finding people, Falcon provided valuable information on possible paths of travel concerning missing children and endangered adults, which assisted community members and/or law enforcement personnel in locating them.
    Falcon also participated in numerous educational talks with schools, community groups, and outreach programs, like Shop with a Cop. Falcon is set up to enjoy his retirement living with the family of Sgt. James Steffen, who was Falcon’s previous handler.
    “Time is always of the essence when searching for a critically missing child,” says Amanda Leonard, Coordinator/Branch Chief, Missing Child Center – Hawai'i, Crime Prevention and Justice Assistance Division, Department of the state Attorney General “Scent-tracking K9s like Scout are invaluable in helping police recover missing children quickly and safely. We appreciate Hawai‘i Island K9 Association and its supporters for this significant contribution to Hawai‘i Police Department and the Hawai‘i Island community.” Friends of Missing Children Center Hawai'i donated Scoutʻs predecessor, Falcon, to HPD and financially supported training for Falcon and another department canine.
    Police Chief Paul Ferreira said, “The police department is very grateful to the Hawai‘i Island K9 Association for their support for our department’s K9 program that allowed for the purchase of Scout and associated training for Officer Kaneko, as well as the support for our programs that we receive from MCCH and the Friends of MCCH. Through community partnerships such as these we are able to enhance our abilities in responding to calls for locating missing children and endangered adults here on Hawai‘i Island.”

To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see www.facebook.com/kaucalendar/. See latest print edition at www.kaucalendar.com. See February events and Kaʻū Calendar newspaper sponsors at
http://kaunewsbriefs.blogspot.com/2022/02/events-of-february-2022.html

Recent activity at the lava lake in Halema‘uma‘u crater, at the summit of Kīlauea. Lava upwelling at the western vent flows into the lake, where bubbling is commonly present. USGS image by M. Patrick

KILAUEA'S SUMMIT THAT COMES AND GOES is the title of this week's Volcano Watch written by scientists and affiliates of USGS Hawaiian Volcanoes Observatory:
Kīlauea's summit glow comes and goes frequently these days. This is due to a pattern of pauses in lava lake activity within Halema'uma'u crater over the last two and a half months. Cycles last several days to a week and consist of a couple days of visible lava lake activity, followed by one to three days without lava.
    HVO is monitoring four main data streams to help us understand why Kīlauea is exhibiting this behavior. Tilt data records ground deformation of the volcano and is thought to reflect the pressurization level of Kīlauea's shallow summit magma chamber.
    Kīlauea's summit region has remained relatively flat since mid-October, but superimposed on the flat signal are small, pronounced deflation/inflation events. This is the first monitoring signal to show change when the cycle is beginning. On Nov. 7, 2021, Kīlauea summit tilt started showing larger deflation-inflation events (DI) than were seen in the previous month. At the bottom of each of these deflation cycles the lava drained from the vent and active lava lake, though it occasionally bubbled within an embayment immediately north of the west vent in Halema'uma'u.
    But lava is not gone for good when this happens, nor has it gone far. It sits just below the surface, far enough out of sight that the glow disappears, but close enough to reemerge at the end of the cycle. The tilt needs to "recover" the amount of deflation that stopped the glow (plus a little extra).
Plots of volcano monitoring data
 Plots showing the correlation between Kīlauea summit sulfur dioxide emissions (SO2) (top panel), ground tilt (middle panel), and seismic tremor (RSAM) (lower panel) for the period of November 1, 2021, to January 22, 2022.  Eruptive pauses and highly diminished activity are highlighted in blue. USGS plots
    Magma builds up pressure to reestablish the pathway to the surface and reappears near the top of the inflation cycle.Volcanic tremor, measured by seismometers, provides another set of clues. At the start of the deflationary trend the seismic tremor drops abruptly to very low levels. Tremor indicates that magma and gas are moving at very shallow levels in the volcano. When that signal dies off, we can infer that the magma is no longer trying to erupt.
    Tremor does not restart until near the top of the inflationary cycle, but once it does, lava reappears inside the west vent within 10 to 30 minutes.Gas data shows large fluctuations in sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions that coincide with fluctuations in lava lake activity. When the lava lake is active during the peak of the inflationary cycle, the SO2 emission rate ranges anywhere from about 2,000–6,000 tonnes per day (t/d) of SO2.
    During decreased and paused parts of the cycle, emissions drop drastically to 100 to 300 t/d of SO2.Finally, let's discuss the geologic observations of what happens within Halema'uma'u crater as a cycle progresses. During the deflationary part of the cycle, the active lava lake surface motion begins to slow down, crust over, and the level of the active lava lake drops up to 10m (33 ft).

The small 20-meter (66 foot)-wide pond to the north of the west vent in Halema‘uma‘u crater. This pond feeds the active part of the lava lake at the summit of Kīlauea volcano via a small cascade of only a meter or two (several feet) down into the larger lava lake. This photo was taken around 9:30 a.m. on Tuesday, February 1, 2022, from the west rim of Halema‘uma‘u. USGS photo by D. Downs

    These "draining events" are often accompanied by dozens of small spattering sources within the lake and overturns of the newly-formed crust. The solidified surface texture of the lava takes on a more rough and jagged appearance instead of a smooth and flat texture. In some past cycles, once the lava reached a stable, minimum level, minor activity continued in the embayment including the occasional lava crust overturning.
    This activity, when present, is maintained until the inflationary period recovers the lost deflation, and tremor begins. Reappearance of the lava is followed by increased SO2 emissions.
    When lava returns, it arrives inside the west spatter cone first, often overflowing the cone. The eembayment north of the west vent cone fills with lava, which flows rapidly into the active lake area. This activity usually increases for several hours until the lava lake overflows its levee margins, building them up a little higher while also filling in lower sections of the older inactive lava crust from earlier in the eruption. The lava lake activity ultimately stabilizes within the levees until the next deflationary cycle begins.
    During the dozen cycles spanning November 2021 to present, these data streams have given us a pattern to anticipate both the disappearance and return of glow at Kīlauea summit (for now). So, if you're planning a visit to Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park to view the glow, be sure to check Kīlauea's eruption status and webcams at the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory website: usgs.gov/hvo.

To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see www.facebook.com/kaucalendar/. See latest print edition at www.kaucalendar.com. See February events and Kaʻū Calendar newspaper sponsors at
http://kaunewsbriefs.blogspot.com/2022/02/events-of-february-2022.html