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Tuesday, October 04, 2016

Ka`u Calendar News Briefs Tuesday, Oct. 4, 2016

The public is invited to learn about na pa`ahana hula (tools of hula) tomorrow.
See more below. Photo from NPS
THE PROPOSED INDUSTRIAL SOLAR FARM IN OCEAN VIEW is the target of two spokesmen for nonprofit organizations, who have applied to the state Public Utilities Commission for permission to participate in a formal complaint against Hawaiian Electric Light Co. and its parent company, Hawaiian Electric Co. One organization is an environmental watchdog. The other maintains private roads at Hawaiian Ranchos where most of the solar farm is planned. They question the proposal to build 27 two-acre solar installations among homes in Ocean View.
      Life of the Land’s Henry Curtis, Vice President for Consumer Issues, applied to be an intervenor, as did Mats Fogelvik, President of the Hawaiian Ranchos Road Maintenance Corporation, which maintains 52 miles of private roads in the Hawaiian Ocean View Ranchos.
Henry Curtis
      If their applications are accepted by the PUC, they will become important players and advocates in supporting a complaint against the solar developers. Intervenors can ask questions of other intervenors and participants (discovery) and can supply evidence, including expert witnesses, before the PUC.
      The complaint asserts that the utilities failed to enforce many rules related to the Feed-in-Tariff project, which resulted in a utility-scale project being built in a residential subdivision to circumvent the Power Purchase Agreement requirement. The complaint asserts that HECO and HELCO did not hold the solar developer, SPI Solar, to its commitment to complete the project in nine months. The project is now four years overdue and has not begun.
      SPI Solar and its shell companies did not apply to the PUC for intervenor status.
      They were granted participant status in an earlier docket in which HELCO applied to the PUC for approval for an overhead transmission line. That docket is now on hold while the more recent docket, triggered by a formal complaint by Ranchos residents Peter and Ann Bosted, is resolved. The Bosteds are not represented by an attorney.
      “We are grateful for their support,” Ann Bosted said. “Henry Curtis is a very well respected and expert energy professional with masses of experience. He strongly sympathizes with our complaint. He could win this thing in his sleep.
      “Mats knows a lot about power – he built a hydro power plant with his dad, an electrical engineer. Mats is also very well respected in the Ocean View community and generously gives his time and expertise,” she added.
      In his motion to intervene, Curtis wrote: “Life of the Land asserts that every energy project has positive and negative economic, environmental, social, cultural, geographic, greenhouse gas, taxpayer and ratepayer impacts, and Life of the Land is concerned with the impacts, externalities and unintended side-effects of energy projects and programs.
      “Life of the Land firmly believes that developers must get support from the local community for their projects; that it is not in the public interest to intrusively industrialize rural areas so that urban areas can have power.
Mats Fogelvik
      “We intend to present a proactive case, supported by expert witnesses and exhibits, as needed or required, once the issues in this proceeding are resolved.
      “Life of the Land strongly supports the investigation of the segmented Ocean View project,” added Curtis.
      The second motion to intervene, submitted by Fogelvik, states: “HRRMC has a substantial and continuing interest in the proposed solar project, as the project’s construction and maintenance will impact the subdivision’s private roads and entrances, and the financial well-being of the HRRMC membership and the community organization.”
      Fogelvik explained that in 2013 HRRMC hosted a community meeting with the then developer, Pat Shudak, that was followed by a two-year hiatus.
      “The maintenance of HOVR’s system of private roads is expensive,” Fogelvik said. “It costs $80,000 to resurface one mile of road. If this utility-scale, industrial installation is allowed to advance, the roads will be badly worn by the heavy traffic. The dues will have to increase, or the owners of solar sites will have to increase their contributions. Since the solar sites are all owned by shell companies, in turn owned by an international company registered in the Cayman Islands, HRRMC may face insurmountable difficulties in getting dues paid in a timely fashion. The developer has expressed an intention to sell or ‘flip’ the project when it is completed. The HRRMC is not set up for this kind of debt-collecting challenge.
      “Many resident property owners have … decided to sell and move if the project goes forward. This may result in abandoned homes and land, and unpaid road maintenance dues. This is a very real problem in Ocean View. Indeed, over 630 Ocean View residents have signed a petition against the project.
      “HRRMC represents the interests of the majority of the 1,227 property owners in HOVR. The HOVR community will have to live with industrial installations scattered among residential homes, unless the relief sought in this docket is granted. The HRRMC is concerned about the high cost of electricity from this project, the illegal size of the project, and the ‘gaming’ of the FIT program, as are other members of the Hawai`i’s public.”
      Fogelvik added that HRRMC is concerned about “the developer’s true motivations in pursuing this project.”
      To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see Facebook. Follow us on Instagram and Twitter.

Shelee Kimura Photo from HECO
ENERGY STORAGE TESTING BY HAWAIIAN ELECTRIC CO., the parent of Hawaiian Electric Light Co., is ramping up on O`ahu. Successful testing of banks of batteries and a new flywheel system could lead to installing storage systems here. HECO announced this week that it will launch a pilot project with Amber Kinetics, of California, involving installation of a flywheel at the utility’s Campbell Park site. 
      Shelee Kimura, vice president of corporate planning and business development for Hawaiian Electric, said in a statement: “Energy storage is essential to reach a 100 percent renewable energy future, optimizing the use of Hawai`i’s abundant but variable solar and wind energy.”
      The company is also working on behavior-based demand response tools and other energy monitoring at public schools and other locations.
      To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see Facebook. Follow us on Instagram and Twitter.

SHARK INCIDENTS PEAK AT THIS TIME OF YEAR, and Hawai`i Department of Land & Natural Resources advises ocean users to use extra caution this month.
      DLNR quoted Mary Kawena Pukui: “Pua ka wiliwili nanahu ka mano” – When the wiliwili tree flowers, the shark bites.
      “October is the month with the greatest number of shark bites,” Division of Aquatic Resources Administrator Bruce Anderson. “We recommend ocean users exercise a little more caution this month especially, and also through the end of the year. The chance of being bitten by a shark in Hawaiian waters is always extremely small, but does increase a bit during this time frame.”
October is peak season for shark attacks.
Photo from DLNR
      According to DAR data, from 1980 through 2015 there were 122 unprovoked shark bites in Hawaiian waters. Twenty-six of those, or 21 percent, occurred during the month of October, with well-known victims such as Michael Coots in 1997 and Bethany Hamilton in 2003 suffering loss of limb. So far, no October bite has been fatal.
      In October 2012 there were two bites; in October 2013, three; in October 2014, four; and in October 2015, three. “The three bites last October were all around O`ahu, off different coasts of the island, and took place over a span of 20 days,” Anderson said. “Two were very serious, with victims losing part of a limb. It was an unprecedented spike, but like nearly every spike in shark incidents, the most likely explanation is just chance.”
      University of Hawai`i researchers, funded in part by DAR, have confirmed the fall spike and offered a possible explanation, at least in part. About 25 percent of the female tiger sharks in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands migrate to the main islands in the fall to give birth. The increased number of sharks in near shore waters, combined with their need to feed to replenish lost energy stores, may increase the likelihood of a bad encounter with a human.
      “The best thing ocean users can do to minimize their risk of shark bites is to utilize beaches with lifeguards, stay near other people, and don’t go too far from shore,” Anderson said. “Also, avoid murky water and areas near stream mouths.”
      More safety tips can be found at the division’s shark website, hawaiisharks.org.
      To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see Facebook. Follow us on Instagram and Twitter.

Ka`u District Gym & Shelter opens tomorrow.
THE PUBLIC IS INVITED TO VISIT THE NEW Ka`u District Gym & Shelter tomorrow. A blessing takes place at 10 a.m., and an open house begins at 5 p.m. The 43,300 square foot structure has three basketball and volleyball courts, a kitchen, offices, locker rooms storage space and meeting spaces. It will provide a safe haven for Ka`u residents in case of a natural disaster or compromised air quality.

LEARN ABOUT NA PA`AHANA HULA, implements that accompany traditional hula and `oli (chant), tomorrow from 10 a.m. to 12 p.m. at Kilauea Visitor Center in Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park. Pele Kaio, kumu hula of Unulau and instructor at Hawai`i Community College, will teach about the important tools used in this complex art.
      Free; park entrance fees apply.

NATURAL PEST CONTROL AND CONTAINER GARDENING are topics tomorrow at 12 p.m. at Na`alehu Public Library. Master gardeners discuss how to control garden pests without chemicals and offer helpful tips for small-scale gardening. Free.
      Call 939-2442 for more information.

SUPPORT OUR SPONSORS AT PAHALAPLANTATIONCOTTAGES.COM AND KAUCOFFEEMILL.COM. KA`U COFFEE MILL IS OPEN SEVEN DAYS A WEEK.
See kaucalendar.com.
See kaucalendar.com/TheDirectory2016.html
and kaucalendar.com/TheDirectory2016.pdf.





Monday, October 03, 2016

Ka`u Calendar News Briefs Monday, Oct. 3, 2016

Masses of tropical moisture place Ka`u under a flash flood watch through tomorrow afternoon.
Map from NOAA
A FLASH FLOOD WATCH IS IN EFFECT FOR KA`U and Hawai`i Island. The National Weather Service reported that abundant moisture and an upper level disturbance could trigger heavy rains and thunderstorms until 6 p.m. tomorrow.
      To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see Facebook. Follow us on Instagram and Twitter.

THE NEW YORK TIMES PUBLISHED A MAUNA KEA THIRTY METER TELESCOPE cultural and scientific story this morning. Entitled Under Hawai`i’s Starriest Skies, a Fight Over Sacred Ground, Dennis Overbye’s story examines how the clash of values developed between astronomy supporters and Native Hawaiians against the project.
Thirty Meter Telescope is the topic of a New York Times
story today. Image from TMT
      “To astronomers, the Thirty Meter Telescope would be a next-generation tool to spy on planets around other stars or to peer into the cores of ancient galaxies, with an eye sharper and more powerful than the Hubble Space Telescope, another landmark in humanity’s quest to understand its origins,” Overbye wrote. “But to its opponents, the telescope would be yet another eyesore despoiling an ancient sacred landscape, a gigantic 18-story colossus joining the 13 telescopes already on Mauna Kea.”
      Kealoha Pisciotta, president of Mauna Kea Anaina Hou, which is against the project, takes a different view. “This is a very simple case about land use,” she told Overbye. “It’s not science versus religion. We’re not the church. You’re not Galileo.”
      According to Overbye, Pisciotta used to work at an observatory on Mauna Kea with hopes of becoming a cosmologist, but she “became disenchanted when a family shrine disappeared from the summit and the plans for the outriggers (smaller telescopes at Keck Observatory) impinged on a cinder cone.”
      “Cinder cones are burial sites,” Pisciotta told Overbye. “It’s time to not let this go on.”
      Overbye quoted from a report by sociologist Peter Adler commissioned by the Moore Foundation, which has contributed large sums to the project. “Should TMT decide to pursue a Mauna Kea site, it will inherit the anger, fear and great mistrust generated through previous telescope planning and siting failures and an accumulated disbelief that any additional projects, especially a physically imposing one like the TMT, can be done properly,” Adler wrote.
      That anger was apparent on the day groundbreaking was scheduled. “Like snakes you are. Vile snakes,” Overbye reported Joshua Lanakila Mangauil saying to those gathered for the event. “We gave all of our aloha to you guys, and you slithered past us like snakes. For what? For your greed to look into the sky? You guys can’t take care of this place.”
      See nytimes.com.
      To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see Facebook. Follow us on Instagram and Twitter.

Kealoha Pisciotta
KEALOHA PISCIOTTA, known for her opposition to the Thirty Meter Telescope (see story above), is challenging Richard Onishi as Ka`u’s state representative in the November election. 
      The Green Party candidate’s platform includes creating a model for a regenerative economy. “Hawai`i Island, and especially District III, has a unique and diverse population with a blend of many ethnicities, cultures and lifestyles, and also a range of rural and urban centers,” Pisciotta says on her website. “Our economy is dependent on the natural beauty, health and wellbeing of the land. I believe we have much to offer our island and state by promoting and protecting our island way of living.
      “State House District III is uniquely suited for initiatives that improve the residents’ quality of life while increasing food and energy security for the entire island. With large tracts of arable land, connectivity to commercial areas and one of the state’s most significant tourist attractions, the district offers those intent on living a sustainable lifestyle the opportunity to thrive. Support at the state level for programs that increase residents’ capacity to grow food, raise livestock, catch water and generate power in sufficient volumes for sustainability is an important first step.
      “Policies that help expand this core farming community’s productivity, allowing it to also feed its urban neighbors and the more than one million national park visitors that pass through the area each year, will evolve the district’s self-sufficiency achievements into a thriving, regenerative economy.”
      Pisciotta’s also has plans for creating what she calls a just economy for Hawai`i, creating educational models that strengthen communities and “raising the standard of Aloha always and in all things.”
      “There’s a lot state government can do to ensure that Hawai`i lives up to its reputation as the Aloha State, and emphasizing the interrelationship of all things as a core social value is the place to begin,” Pisciotta says.
      See kealohapisciotta.com.
      To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see Facebook. Follow us on Instagram and Twitter.

Proxima Centauri is the sun's closest stellar neighbor.
Chart from NASA
A PLANET LARGER THAN EARTH has been found circling our nearest stellar neighbor, the star Proxima Centauri, astronomer Lew Cook reported in the October issue of Stars Over Ka`u. Proxima means closest to earth.
      “Astronomers using European Southern Observatory’s telescopes in Chile have discovered what can only be a planet orbiting the closest star to Earth,” Cook wrote. “This planet orbits this star every 11.8 days. Eleven days! That’s a short year. Newton’s laws of gravitational motion require this to be very close to the star, so you would think it would be extremely hot there. It would be, if the star were a sun-like star. But it is not! Proxima is small, cool and dim, only putting the planet at a “comfortable” distance, in the Goldilocks zone (because the temperature is ‘just right.’ Is there life on this planet? No one around here (Earth) knows!
      “If you could stand on its surface, you’d see its star – its sun shining dimly, but about four times as large as our sun. But even in the daytime, Alpha and Beta Centauri could be seen in a clear sky from Proxima’s planet.”
      See kaucalendar.com.
      To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see Facebook. Follow us on Instagram and Twitter.

Hawai`i County Council member
Margaret Wille
IMPLEMENTING SUSTAINABILITY AND RESILIENCE PRINCIPLES is the topic of a bill to be discussed by Hawai`i County Council’s Committee on Agriculture, Water & Energy Sustainability tomorrow at 2 p.m. Margaret Wille’s Bill 242 requires an affirmative finding of consistency with the goals of long-term environmental, cultural and economic wellbeing by the Planning Department and Leeward and Windward Planning Commissions prior to any approval of an application, determination or advisory recommendation.
      The goals are set forth in the Hawai`i Revised Statutes, the Hawai`i County Charter and the Hawai`i State Constitution.
      Ka`u residents can participate in this and other meetings this week. Other committees meeting tomorrow are Public Safety & Mass Transit at 9 a.m.; Finance, 10:30 a.m.; Public Works & Parks & Recreation, 1 p.m.; Planning, 1:30 p.m.; Environmental Management, 2:30 p.m.; and Governmental Relations & Economic Development, 4 p.m.
      The full council meets Wednesday at 9 a.m.
      All meetings take place at Council Chambers in Hilo.
      Videoconferencing is available at Na`alehu State Office Building. See hawaiicounty.gov for agendas and live streaming of the meetings.
      To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see Facebook. Follow us on Instagram and Twitter.

Ka`u High students helped break ground for the new gym
four years ago today. Photo by Julia Neal
GROUNDBREAKING FOR THE KA`U DISTRICT GYM & SHELTER took place four years ago today. It opens Wednesday, with a blessing at 10 a.m. and a community open house at 5 p.m. See flyer below.
      The size and diversity of the new facility is in direct response to comments gathered from the community, said Mayor Billy Kenoi. “The Ka`u District Gym & Shelter has been designed to expand athletic and recreational opportunities, serve as a destination for community events and emergency shelter during natural disasters.”
      Releasing funding for the gym was one of former Gov. Neil Abercrombie’s first actions for Ka`u as governor.
      Releasing the funding was also one of the first efforts by Ka`u County Council member Brittany Smart. She asked the governor to release the funds the first time she met him after the election. The late Sen. Gil Kahele and Rep. Bob Herkes also helped with funding.
      Acquisition of money for the gym followed an effort led by former County Council member Guy Enriques, in cooperation with the Pahala School principal. Enriques, who runs volleyball tournaments on the mainland each summer and takes local students to volleyball events across the country, said he hopes to bring volleyball tournaments to Pahala.
      To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see Facebook. Follow us on Instagram and Twitter.

Jackie Pualani Johnson as Queen Lili`uokalani.
Image from NPS
JACKIE PUALANI JOHNSON PRESENTS Lili`uokalani at Washington Place tomorrow at 7 p.m. at Kilauea Visitor Center Auditorium in Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park. The one-woman show features the last monarch of Hawai`i, with material taken directly from writings of Queen Lili`uokalani, her family and other historical sources.
      $2 donations support After Dark in the Park programs; park entrance fees apply.

ADVOCATS OFFERS A FREE SPAY/NEUTER CLINIC Wednesday from 7:30 a.m. to 7:30 p.m. at Ocean View Community Center. Call 895-9283 to sign up.

SUPPORT OUR SPONSORS AT PAHALAPLANTATIONCOTTAGES.COM AND KAUCOFFEEMILL.COM. KA`U COFFEE MILL IS OPEN SEVEN DAYS A WEEK.


See kaucalendar.com.
See kaucalendar.com/TheDirectory2016.html
and kaucalendar.com/TheDirectory2016.pdf.




Sunday, October 02, 2016

Ka`u Calendar News Briefs Sunday, Oct. 2, 2016

Hawaiian Volcano Observatory scientists discuss Ka`u's Kamakai`a Hills in the current
current issue of Volcano Watch. See more below. Photo from USGS/HVO
LAST WEEK’S INCLUSION OF NATIVE HAWAIIAN BEES on the federal Endangered Species List is supported by Ka`u’s state Sen. Josh Green.
Ka`u's state Sen. John Green supports inclusion of Hawai`i's
yellow-faced bees on the Endangered Species List.
Photo by John Kaia from the Xerxes Society
      “Federal authorities confirmed what many of us have been concerned about for some time: The decimation of several species of bees in Hawai`i,” Green said. “Why is this important? First of all, bees are critical pollinators that sustain many parts of our agro-ecosystem. Bees also function as the ecological canary in the coal mine, serving as a crucial indicator of the health and development of people. Dead bees suggest toxic exposure to our children.
      “Efforts to decrease the use of toxic pesticides have fallen on deaf ears for years in our state. Now we see the result of that negligence.
      “I'm calling on the governor to take immediate action to assess all possible ways to protect these pollinators, and us, from reckless spraying.
      “I’ll also be pursuing legislative solutions (as in past years) to protect both people and critical species from the effects of man-made agrochemicals.”
      To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see Facebook. Follow us on Instagram and Twitter.

HAWAI`I EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY monthly test of the statewide outdoor siren warning system, coordinated with the test of the live audio broadcast segment of the Emergency Alert System, is scheduled for tomorrow at 11:45 a.m.
      The siren test is a steady, one-minute tone on all sirens. The steady tone is used to alert the public to any emergency that may pose a threat to life and property. Besides natural hazards, the Emergency Alert System could be used for terrorist incidents or acts of war.
      Contact the county civil defense/emergency management agency to report siren operations issues at 935-0031.
      When the siren signal is sounded, tune to any local radio or television station for emergency information and instructions broadcast by emergency management agencies. Participating stations will carry a detailed explanation of what the sirens mean, as well as other related information, during the monthly test.
      Tests of outdoor warning sirens and the Emergency Alert System are conducted simultaneously, normally on the first working day of the month, in cooperation with Hawai`i’s broadcasting industry. Emergency management and disaster preparedness information is located in the front section of telephone directories.
      To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see Facebook. Follow us on Instagram and Twitter.

Sen. Hirono holds up a bottle of HC&S sugar as an example
of industries negatively affected by trade agreements.
Photo from Office of Sen. Hirono
THE TRANS-PACIFIC PARTNERSHIP SHOULD NOT BE CONSIDERED by Congress until it is renegotiated, Sen. Mazie Hirono and others told the Obama Administration. In a letter to the Administration, the senators outlined TPP’s fundamental flaws and the need to fix them before Congress votes on the agreement, which is the biggest trade agreement ever negotiated.
      “Although we hear that every new trade deal is supposed to ‘level the playing field’ for workers, these agreements end up doing the opposite,” Hirono said. “This is particularly true for Hawaiian Commercial & Sugar Company workers who will lose their jobs after illegal subsidies on Mexican sugar irreparably damaged our domestic sugar industry. Congress should not consider an agreement as massive and far-reaching as the TPP until it has been renegotiated to ensure it protects American jobs, raises American wages and safeguards the environment.”
      To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see Facebook. Follow us on Instagram and Twitter.

KA`U’S KAMAKAI`A HILLS ARE THE TOPIC of Hawaiian Volcano Observatory’s current issue of Volcano Watch.
      “Visitors to the Jaggar Museum and Ka`u Desert in Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park, struck by the appearance of three dark, symmetrical volcanic cones on the western slope of Kilauea Volcano, often ask ‘what are they?’ and ‘why are they there?’” the article states.
      “The cones are the Kamakai`a Hills. Their Hawaiian name means ‘the eye of the fish,’ possibly because the cones, each dimpled with a cup-shaped crater, reminded early Hawaiians of the eyes on prized fish, such as ulua.
      “The Kamakai`a cones are merely the largest of a series of vents, including older, more eroded cones, spatter ramparts and large ground cracks, that spewed lava clots and blocks of older rock for short periods. Multiple eruptions have originated along this three-mile long ‘mini-rift’ over a period spanning at least 500 years.
      “The two largest eruptions, each probably lasting weeks to a few months, produced far-travelling flows and rootless lava shields similar to those that have grown around Kilauea’s East Rift Zone Pu`u `O`o vent over the last three decades. The big Kamakai`a cones developed during explosive phases of the eruptions, producing fields of volcanic bombs, rubbly scoria and spatter. The largest bombs in these ejecta beds exceed one meter (three feet) in diameter.
Kamakai`a Hills are between Pahala and Volcano Village.
Map from Google
      “Unusual eruption products at the Kamakai`a Hills correspond with a form of lava that has no equivalent elsewhere on Kilauea –pasty pahoehoe with a distinctively stretched ‘skin’ that resembles the grain one might find on pieces of old driftwood. This lava is also chemically distinctive.
      “Preliminary analyses of the lava indicate that at least some of it contains much more silica than ordinary Kilauea basalt. In fact, it is similar to basaltic andesite, a type of lava abundant in the Coast Range of Oregon and northern California. This suggests that the magma beneath the Kamakai`a Hills was stored for a long time before it erupted to the surface, which allowed it to evolve to a greater degree than lava found anywhere else on Kilauea. Such chemical evolution might also explain its explosiveness.
      “Initial efforts to establish the ages of the Kamakai`a Hills lava were based on palemagnetism – measurements of ancient orientations of Earth’s magnetic field preserved in the basalt. That study concluded that the Kamakai`a flows were older than the Footprints Ash from the A.D.1790 explosive eruption, which marked the onset of historically recorded eruptions at Kilauea.
      “However, current investigations of the Kamakai`a Hills show that two flows are younger than the 1790 Footprints Ash. These flows probably erupted sometime between 1790 and 1823, when the first Euro-Americans visited the volcano. Reverend William Ellis, leader of that first expedition, commented that he observed ‘smoking chasms’ in the vicinity of the Kamakai`a cones – highly suggestive of recent volcanic activity there.
      “Geologists also recently discovered sets of fossil human footprints in the Footprints Ash deposit within the Kamakai`a Hills. This significantly extends the area in which people are known to have been moving immediately following the 1790 eruption.
      “To explain why the Kamakai`a Hills exist requires combining several critical strands of research, including geophysics, structural geology and geochemistry. Findings from a study presently underway at the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory will likely revise the known geologic history of Kilauea's Southwest Rift Zone.
      “The Kamakai`a Hills are positioned where the Koa`e Fault System, which National Park visitors can easily view along the Hilina Pali Road, merges with Kilauea's Southwest Rift Zone. They terminate westward at a bend in the rift zone near Pu`ukou, a site of ongoing shallow earthquake activity.
      “Seismicity over the past few decades suggests that magma periodically intrudes from Kilauea’s summit reservoir southward to the Koa`e Fault System, then bends to follow the Southwest Rift Zone into the area beneath the Kamakai`a Hills. Pu`ukou could act as a ‘log jam,’ causing long-term storage of the trapped magma beneath the Hills.
      “Repeated eruptions in the Kamakai`a Hills might occur because occasional intrusions of fresh magma drive the older, more evolved magma to the surface. Continuous southward sliding of Kilauea’s seaward slope might also keep the Kamakai`a Hills corridor open and volcanically active.
      “Past events provide important insights into Kilauea’s future. Knowing this, we certainly expect that eruptions of unusual character are likely to break out again in this remote and interesting area on the volcano.”
      See hvo.wr.usgs.gov/volcanowatch.
      To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see Facebook. Follow us on Instagram and Twitter.

KA`U RESIDENTS CAN PARTICIPATE in Hawai`i County Council meetings this week. Committees meet Tuesday, with Public Safety & Mass Transit at 9 a.m.; Finance, 10:30 a.m.; Public Works & Parks & Recreation, 1 p.m.; Planning, 1:30 p.m.; Agriculture, Water & Energy Sustainability, 2 p.m.; Environmental Management, 2:30 p.m.; and Governmental Relations & Economic Development, 4 p.m.
      The full council meets Wednesday at 9 a.m.
      All meetings take place at Council Chambers in Hilo.
      Videoconferencing is available at Na`alehu State Office Building. See hawaiicounty.gov for agendas and live streaming of the meetings.

SUPPORT OUR SPONSORS AT PAHALAPLANTATIONCOTTAGES.COM AND KAUCOFFEEMILL.COM. KA`U COFFEE MILL IS OPEN SEVEN DAYS A WEEK.


See kaucalendar.com/TheDirectory2016.html
and kaucalendar.com/TheDirectory2016.pdf.