Ka‘ū News Briefs Monday, November 27, 2017

The heaviest boar was captured by Team 12 led by Tyrell Mason, of Ka‘ū, weighing in at 150 lbs.
See story below. Photo by Guy Sesson

ENCOURAGING THE COMMUNITY TO BUY LOCAL FOR THE HOLIDAYS while promoting and supporting small businesses of Ka‘ū was the goal of the second annual Small Business Saturday on Nov. 26 at Ka Lae Coffee and Hawaiian Flowers Orchid Farm on South Point Road.

Holiday wreaths made by Pom Pom Proteas were on
display and for sale at this year's Small Business Saturday
at Ka Lae Coffee shop and Hawaiian Flowers orchid farm
on South Point Road. Photo by Kate Haynes

       Ka Lae Coffee owner Kate Haynes and Heidi's LuLaRoe owner Heidi Flores co-hosted the public event on the grounds of Ka Lae Coffee shop and Hawaiian Flowers orchid farm. Participants included: J&J Farms, MoLaEa Mountain Farm, Karen Duserbery doTerra Wellness Advocate, Heidi's LuLaRoe, Sticks and Stones, CROOKed C Ranch, Hawaiian Inspired Jewelry by Malta, Hawaiian Grinds, Fresh Pit, Nucerity, Tropical Trappings, Abundant Health Acupuncture, Massage with Lori Boyle, Kanahele Jewelry, Salty Mermaid, Pom Pom Protea, Navarro Farms, Ohia Soap Lodge and an effort called Jonah Beck World Stride Washington D.C. spring 2018. Ocean View resident Layne Mills serenaded event attendees as she played her guitar and sold homemade jewelry.
     The event was hosted from 9 a.m. to 2 p.m. and will likely be hosted again in 2018 on Small Business Saturday, the day after Black Friday.  

     The location of Ka Lae Coffee and Hawaiian Flowers is 94-2166 South Point Road.

Vendors displayed their wares at the Small Business Saturday
event that took place Nov. 26. See story above.
Photo by Kate Haynes

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CHANGING THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY is the call by Rep. Tulsi Gabbard and Sen. Tim Kaine, who was the Democratic Party's nominee for Vice President in 2016. According to Gabbard, "Political outsiders, independents, and grassroots activists are not the only ones who have grown disillusioned with insider Democratic Party politics." She said that Kaine "is joining our call for the DNC Unity Reform Commission to eliminate superdelegates from the primary process. With his announcement, we have gained an important ally in our effort to ensure a more transparent, open, and democratic primary process."

     Gabbard said, however, the effort needs "all of the support we can get before the final Unity Reform Commission meeting on December 8. She asks for Democrats in Ka‘ū and the rest of her Congressional District to sign on to a petition calling for DNC reform. Gabbard said, "We need a primary process that is decided by the voters, not predetermined by party insiders."

Rep. Tulsi Gabbard, right, and Sen. Tim Kaine, left, on fact finding
mission to the Middle East in 2015. Kaine and Gabbard are
working on a campaign to change the Democratic Party.

    The Congresswoman stated, "Doing what is right should always outweigh political ambition or partisanship. For me, this has sometimes put me at odds with the Democratic Party establishment, and compelled my resignation as DNC Vice-Chair during the last presidential primary to endorse Senator Bernie Sanders. We must come together to put the strength of our democracy and the future of our country first and foremost, and work to make necessary reforms."

      She said that in addition to eliminating the superdelegate process, "we must also commit to open primaries and caucuses or same-day registration, and create more transparent, accountable processes that do not unduly favor one campaign or candidate."

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RESULTS FOR THE KA‘Ū MULTICULTURAL SOCIETY PIG HUNT are official. The islandwide tournament with weigh-in at Wai‘ōhinu Park on Nov. 18, a No-Guns event, was organized by Darlyne Vierra, President of Ka‘ū Multicultural Society, Secretary/Treasurer Liz Kuluwaimaka, and Kalani Vierra.

     The Over-All Pua‘a prize for heaviest pig went to Team 17, led by Kyle Swett, from Volcano and Puna. It weighed in at 199.6 lbs.

Noah E. won the Packing Contest after the hunt. Photo by Guy Sesson

     Heaviest Boar/Laho‘ole came in with Team 12 at 150 lbs. with winning team headed by Tyrell Mason, of Ka‘ū. Second was Team 3, led by Royden Requelman, of Puna, with a 138.8 lb boar. Third was Team 19, led by Derek Nakagawa, of Ka‘ū with a 123.6 lb. boar.

     Heaviest Sow came in with Team 13, led by Aaron Gomes, of South Kona at 123 lbs. Second was a 112.4 lb sow, from Team 2, led by Kaipu Ka‘upu, of Holualoa in Kona. Third was Team 8, led by Johnathan Roddy, of Ka‘ū, with a 109.8 lb sow.

     Biggest Tusk winner was Team 20, led by Rodney Kuahiwinui, Sr., of Ka‘ū. It measured 5.25 inches length. Second was Team 15, led by Dedrick Saplan, of Ka‘ū. It measured 4.75 inches. Third was team 7, led by Frank Lorenzo, Jr, of Ka‘ū. The tusk measured 4.25 inches.

     The Packing Contest, in which the hunter ran with the pig, saw Noah E. coming in first. Rodney Kuahiwinui, Jr. was second and Aaron Gomes third.

     Thomas Mochizuki, of Volcano and Puna, won the Smoke Meat Contest.

Kalani Viera, second to right, organized the hunt and
Royden Requelman, right, won a gun.
Photo by Guy Sesson

     Donors included Kona Reload, Kula Kai Caverns, Hardwoods Hawai‘i, KTA of Keauhou, Mt. View Minimart, Pepsi of Kona, Blacksandsbeach.com, J.W. Glover, Oshiam, Doris Place, Ace Hardware-Nā‘ālehu, BYE-William Derasin, Navarro Coffee Farm, Rambla Clothing Co, Moke Banister, and Nadine and Aaron Kahananui.

     Supporters in providing the sign-up entries were ACE Hardware, Wikiwiki Mart, Ka‘ū Gas, R&G Mini Mart, Kaʻū Business Services LLP, Kahuku Gifts and Garden Shop; Delʻs Feed Store, Miranda's and Hilo Surplus Store; Aloha Gas; J. Hara's Store Inc.; Pearl's, Oshima's, Mauka Napa, Lako St. Chevron, Fujihara's Store and Paul's Place.

     For more information about next year's event contact Drey Desas at avdesas@yahoo.com, Robert Chun at bigkaufarms@gmail.com, Liz Kuluwaimaka at konawaileo@yahoo.com, or Darlyne Vierra at dvierra22@gmail.com.

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KA‘Ū FOOD PANTRY is open for those who need food on Tuesday, Nov. 28, from 11:30 a.m. to 1 p.m. at St. Jude's Episcopal Church in Ocean View. Food for three days is provided to help those short of money, benefits and nutrition at the month's end. Donations of non-perishables and money are welcome. Send to Ka‘ū Food Pantry, P.O. Box 6184, Ocean View, HI 96737 or drop by the church at 92-8606 Paradise Circle, on the corner of Keaka Parkway. For more, call 939-7000 or visit stjudeshawaii.org.

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HOVE ROAD MAINTENANCE BOARD OF DIRECTORS meets Tuesday, Nov. 28, at 10 a.m., in the HOVE Road Maintenance Corp. office. For more, call 929-9910.

LEARN TAIKO DRUMMING FROM MASTER KENNY ENDO. He comes to Nā‘ālehu Public Library Thursday, Nov. 30, from 3:30 p.m. to 4:15 p.m. Endo and his Taiko Center of the Pacific ensemble will demonstrate and discuss taiko group and festival drumming.
     Recommended for ages five and older. Young children must be accompanied by a parent or adult caregiver. For more information, contact 939-2442.
     For a schedule of other upcoming library programs visit librarieshawaii.org/events.

ALOHA FRIDAY: ‘Ukulele with Wes Awana is Friday, Dec. 1, from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m. on the Volcano Art Center Gallery Porch in Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park. The free event features family-friendly lessons on ‘ukulele. Park entrance fees apply. For more, call 967-7565 or visit volcanoartcenter.org.

FIVE STEWARDSHIP AT THE SUMMIT events in which volunteers help remove invasive non-native plant species that prevent native plants from growing in Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park take place this December. The first event is Friday, Dec. 1, with remaining events taking place Dec. 7, 15, 23, and 30. Volunteers should meet leaders Paul and Jane Field at Kīlauea Visitor Center in Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park at 8:45 a.m. Free; park entrance fees apply. Fore more, visit nps.gov/HAVO.

HI‘IAKA & PELE, a free, moderate, one-mile walk through the Kahuku Unit of Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park, takes place Saturday, Dec. 2, from 9:30 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. Discover the Hawaiian goddesses and the natural phenomena they represent. For more, visit nps.gov/HAVO.

VOLCANO FESTIVAL CHORUS will host its 23rd The Wonder of Christmas concert Saturday, Dec. 2, at 7:30 pm at KMC's Kilauea Theater. The 25-member chorus is under the direction of Roch Jones with accompaniment by Walter Greenwood.
Also joining the chorus will be Cheryl Shine on flute and piccolo, and Gillen Kauakahi on recorder.
     The Carols of Gathering by Joseph Martin will open the show and a medley of White Christmas and Happy Holiday by Irving Berlin will close the show. The program is varied and includes a spiritual Have You Heard the News?, an African Alleluia, an Irish Carol, and madrigals, All The Town Be Merry and Throw Open The Shutters. Popular carols Do You Hear What I Hear?, Ring, Christmas Bells and Pie Jesu are also featured.
     Admission is free; however, donations will be accepted.

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JOIN RANGERS FOR A GUIDED HIKE, REALMS AND DIVISIONS OF KAHUKU, on Saturday, Dec. 2, from 9:30 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. in the Kahuku Unit of Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. Experience the sense of place that evolves at the intersection of nature and culture on this moderately difficult two-mile, two-hour guided hike on the Kahuku Unit’s newest trail, Pu‘u Kahuku. Explore the realms and divisions of the traditional Hawaiian classification system at Kahuku. Bring a snack for the “talk story” segment of this hike.

GILLIGANS NIGHT WILL BENEFIT KA‘Ū LEARNING ACADEMY: Gilligans Cafe is back on Saturday, Dec. 2, from 3 p.m. to 9 p.m. with a special Gilligans Night, sponsored by The Innovation for Education Foundation, to benefit Kaʻū Learning Academy. The location is the Charter School campus at the old Discovery Harbour Golf Course Clubhouse.

     Joe Iacuzzo, Managing Director of KLA, described it as: “Pizza, Chicken Parmesan and our famous meatballs and pasta (so good the meatballs come first!).” There will be live music. Beer and wine will be served. All proceeds benefit Kaʻū Learning Academy. The Innovation for Education Foundation is a 501c3 public charity. See kaulearning.com and on Facebook.

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A CHRISTMAS CONCERT AT OCEAN VIEW COMMUNITY CENTER on Friday, Dec. 22, has been announced by Lamb of God Baptist Church. It begins at 7 p.m. The event is free to all and highlights include refreshments and gifts for children in attendance.

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CU HAWAI‘I FEDERAL CREDIT UNION OFFERS EMPLOYMENT as a Member Service Representative in Nā‘ālehu. CU Hawai‘i seeks energetic individuals for full time positions who enjoy working with people and can provide professional, courteous and efficient service to valued members.
     The ideal candidate must be service oriented and possess good communication and computer skills. Cash handling and customer service experience is preferred. Must be able to work Saturdays. CU Hawai‘i offers medical, drug, dental, vision and retirement benefits.
     Email, mail or fax application to: Attn: Human Resources, 476 Hinano Street Hilo, HI 96720, Fax: (808) 935-7793. Applications can be found online at cuhawaii.com/careers.html.

Ka`u News Briefs Sunday, Nov. 26, 2017

Six Hawaiian sea turtles, the Honu, gathered at Punalu`u Black Sand Beach during the Floating
Lantern Ceremony to honor those who have passed away and others to be remembered.
Photo by Peter Anderson

HELPING TO END GUN VIOLENCE is the way Sen. Mazie Hirono is wrapping up the Thanksgiving weekend. She is calling for constituents to sign a petition, stating, "This year, two of the deadliest mass shootings in our country’s history occurred just weeks apart, taking innocent lives and devastating the communities of Las Vegas and Sutherland Springs, Texas. Enough is enough. Thousands of Americans are killed by guns each year. The victims and their loved ones deserve more than our thoughts, prayers and empty promises: They deserve concrete action to get military-style assault weapons off our streets and save lives.
     "Last week, I introduced a bill to close the dangerous loophole that allows convicted abusers – like the Texas shooter – to buy guns, and I’m co-sponsoring a bill to ban deadly assault weapons. I’m fighting every day in the Senate to end the gun violence epidemic. But I need you with me: Will you sign the petition to call on Congress to take action?
     "Click here to add your name and demand Congress act now to prevent gun violence and save lives," requests the Senator.

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Keiki decorated the sails for the floating
lantern ceremony at Punalu`u Saturday.
Photo by Peter Anderson

HELPING PEOPLE WITH DIABETES AND PREDIABETES is the facebook post from Rep. Tulsi Gabbard at the end of the Thanksgiving weekend: "One in three people has diabetes or prediabetes in Hawai‘i. Our kūpuna, minorities, Native Hawaiian population, and those with a family history are most at risk for diabetes, and we can do more to help. I’m working to pass HR 3124, the Preventing Diabetes in Medicare Act, to increase resources for our most vulnerable and help identify and treat diabetes earlier and more effectively."     

     She also talked about Community Health Centers: "Across the country, Community Health Centers (CHCs) provide essential healthcare for more than 27 million people. In Hawai‘i, our 12 CHCs serve about 150,000 people, including those in low-income, rural, and underserved communities. I’ve visited several Community Health Centers throughout the state and heard firsthand challenges like lack of funding, and staff shortages. We must provide adequate funding for our Community Health Centers and pass the bipartisan CHIME Act to extend their funding."

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Families bring their art and their memories
to the Floating Lantern Ceremony at
Punalu`u. Photo by Peter Anderson

THE MEDICINE POND was the site of the annual Floating Lantern Ceremony sponsored by Ka`u Rural Health Community Association on Saturday at Punalu`u Black Sand Beach.

     Keiki to kupuna applied their art and wrote messages on the paper sails that they attached to the floating boats with their lanterns. A stiff wind pushed the floating lanterns across the Medicine Pond as participants remembered their loved ones.

     Taiko drumming started the ceremony, along with hula and tai chi, followed by a potluck feast.

     

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at kaucalendar.com.

THE ANNUAL DECORATED COTTAGES HOLIDAY CHALLENGE at Kīlauea Military Camp within Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park began this weekend and continues through Friday, Jan. 1. Open to authorized patrons and sponsored guests, the KMC Cottages are adorned with lighting and decorations for evening strolls. Park entrance fees apply. For more, call 967-8371 or visit kilaueamilitarycamp.com.

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VOLCANO FESTIVAL CHORUS is preparing for its 23rd The Wonder of Christmas concert for Saturday, Dec. 2, at 7:30 pm at KMC's Kilauea Theater. The 25-member chorus is under the direction of Roch Jones with accompaniment by Walter Greenwood. Also joining the chorus will be Cheryl Shine on flute and piccolo, and Gillen Kauakahi on recorder.

     Now sponsored by the Kīlauea Drama & Entertainment Network, the chorus was founded in 1994 by renowned music director Camille Almy. For 23 years the concert has been a gift to the Volcano community as a mahalo for its support.
     This year's concert features sacred and secular music. Many chorus' favorites will be performed. The Carols of Gathering by Joseph Martin will open the show and a medley of White Christmas and Happy Holiday by Irving Berlin will close the show. The program is varied and includes a spiritual Have You Heard the News?, an African Alleluia, an Irish Carol, and madrigals, All The Town Be Merry and Throw Open The Shutters. Popular carols Do You Hear What I Hear?, Ring, Christmas Bells and Pie Jesu are also featured. Admission is free; however, donations will be accepted.

To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see Facebook. Follow us on Instagram and Twitter. See our online calendars and our latest print edition at kaucalendar.com.

THE ANNUAL PĀHALA CHRISTMAS PARADE is accepting entries. It is scheduled for Sunday, Dec. 10, with participants touring the streets of Pāhala and winding up at the Holy Rosary Church on Pikake Street for treats and more entertainment. Produced by Eddie Andrade and family along with Mary Jane Balio for 39 years, the parade features Mr. and Mrs. Santa Claus greeting parade goers with a Ho Ho Ho and throwing candies to the keiki. It features  community groups, musicians,

Rudolph greets one of the Pāhala  Christmas Parade's regular
sponsors, Edmund C. Olson. Photo by Julia Neal

churches, businesses and

schools, along with the Miss Ka‘ū Coffee court, walking and riding on floats, trucks and classic vehicles.
     The parade starts at 1 p.m. at the old Pāhala Armory and stops at houses throughout the village, making a stop for the staff and long-term care residents at Ka‘ū Hospital before arriving at the Catholic Church.
     Parade participants should start lining up by 12:30 p.m. To be involved - there are no entry fees for participants - call the Andrades at 928-0808.
     Sponsors of the parade also include the Edmund C. Olson Trust II.

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HOVE ROAD MAINTENANCE BOARD OF DIRECTORS meets Tuesday, Nov. 28, at 10 a.m., in the HOVE Road Maintenance Corp. office. For more, call 929-9910.

KA‘Ū FOOD PANTRY offers free food to those in need on Tuesday, Nov. 28, from 11:30 a.m. to 1 p.m., at St. Jude’s Episcopal Church in Ocean View.

REGISTER KEIKI, GRADES K-8, BY TUESDAY, NOV. 28, FOR A FELT WINTER HANGING CRAFT class that takes place Wednesday, Nov. 29, from 3:30 p.m. to 5 p.m. at Pāhala Community Center. For more, call 928-3102 or visit hawaiicounty.gov/pr-recreation.

FAMOUS TAIKO DRUMMER KENNY ENDO COMES TO NĀ‘ĀLEHU PUBLIC LIBRARY on Thursday, Nov. 30, from 3:30 p.m. to 4:15 p.m. The Master and his Taiko Center of the Pacific ensemble will demonstrate and discuss taiko group and festival drumming.
     Recommended for ages five and older. Young children must be accompanied by a parent or adult caregiver. For more information, contact 939-2442.
     For a schedule of other upcoming library programs visit librarieshawaii.org/events.

CU HAWAI‘I FEDERAL CREDIT UNION OFFERS EMPLOYMENT as a Member Service Representative in Nā‘ālehu. CU Hawai‘i seeks energetic individuals for full time positions who enjoy working with people and can provide professional, courteous and efficient service to valued members.
     The ideal candidate must be service oriented and possess good communication and computer skills. Cash handling and customer service experience is preferred. Must be able to work Saturdays. CU Hawai‘i offers medical, drug, dental, vision and retirement benefits.
     Email, mail or fax application to: Attn: Human Resources, 476 Hinano Street Hilo, HI 96720, Fax: (808) 935-7793. Applications can be found online at cuhawaii.com/careers.html.

Ka`u News Briefs Saturday, November 25, 2017

Kīlauea Volcano's Kamokuna lava delta on October 6. Multiple streams of lava entering the ocean on both sides
of the delta created small plumes of laze (lava haze). The visible part of the delta, which is deceptively stable, was
built by many small lava flows accumulating on an unstable foundation of unconsolidated volcanic rock fragments.
   See Volcano Watch story below. USGS photo by L. DeSmither

KA`U  FOOD PANTRY IS EXPANDING. The non-profit, with the mission to feed the hungry of Ocean View, is not only giving away food to people. There is clothing, sponsored by Big Island Giving Tree, and food for pets, sponsored by the Hawai`i Humane Society. The next Food Pantry Day will be at St. Jude's Episcopal Church in Ocean View on Tuesday, Dec. 26 from 11:30 a.m. to 1 p.m. Volunteers can help beginning at 8:30 a.m.
      Kāʻū Food Pantry is staffed by volunteers and is able to feed up to 120 families. The food is provided on the last Tuesday of each month, designed to offer one to three days of nutrition in order to help those short of money, benefits and food by month's end. Kāʻū Food Pantry is able to buy food from Hawai`i Food Basket for 18 cents a pound. A dollar can purchase a half-case of food.

St. Jude's Episcopal Church in Ocean View, home to Ka`u Food Pantry
and many more programs of community service. Photo from St. Jude's

     To raise funding, Kāʻū Food Pantry sells clothes and baked goods at Ocean View Swap meet on the second Saturday of most months.
       Non-perishable food items and money are both welcome. Donations, which are tax deductible, can be provided via checks written to St. Jude's, with a notation on the check for Kāʻū Food Pantry, or directly to Kāʻū Food Pantry and mailed to P.O. Box 6184, Ocean View, HI 96737.

THANKSGIVING DINNER AT
ST. JUDE'S EPISCOPAL CHURCH drew 25 volunteers, "who set up, served, greeted and cleaned up," providing more than 130 plates of food. Fifteen keiki also visited a Make n Take craft table, reports the St. Jude's monthly newsletter Talk Story. "Inviting all the community to the Thanksgiving table reflects the longing to make sure that those who are lonely, lost or otherwise without opportunity, celebrate a tasty home cooked Thanksgiving dinner."
      Upcoming St. Jude's events include Greening of the Church on Dec. 2, Connie's Cookie Bake, inviting youth to join adults in baking and decorating cookies for the Keiki Christmas Party. The Keiki Christmas Party will be Dec. 9 with a Rudolph Reading Room and book giveaway, along with a meeting with Santa Claus and his helpers to receive a Christmas stocking, an d a visit to Mrs. Claus'

St. Jude's provides hot showers, soap, shampoo and clean towels,
along with a hot meal each Saturday. Photo from St. Jude's

Kitchen for a cookie and a drink.
      The Dental Van comes to St. Jude's on Dec. 13 from 8:30 a.m. to 1 p.m. The Medical Van serves the community on Dec. 14 from 8:30 a.m. to 1 p.m. The Women's Christmas Brunch is Dec. 18. Christmas Eve begins with bells and caroling at 5 p.m., a Eucharist Service at 6:30 p.m., and an Aloha Feast at 7:30 p.m.
      On Dec. 27, the Dental Van returns with care from 8:30 a.m. to 1 p.m. On Dec. 28, the Medical Van returns with care for the public from 8:30 a.m. to 1 p.m.
      In addition, St. Jude's provides a public health shower with hot water, soap, shampoo and clean towels every Saturday from 9 am. to 2 p.m., along with a free hot meal.
     In the future, St. Jude's is planning to open a computer lab with computer classes, following the recent receipt of grant money. The church also provides free wifi and free charging for cell phones and computers.
      Volunteers are needed. Call 939-7000 or  visit St. Jude's at 92-8606 Paradise Circle, Ocean View.

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KA`U HOSPITAL CHARITABLE FOUNDATION has launched a Giving Tuesday Campaign for Nov. 28, The campaign statement asks prospective funders to, "Imagine knowing you helped save a person's life who needed services in the Emergency Room."
     It asks, "Can you see the smiles on the faces of the residents enjoying the sunshine outdoors in the garden area that so many of you helped create during this past year?" It states, "You can help advance the medical knowledge of staff members through the Hospital Scholarship fund."

     All the Giving Tuesday and other donations "raised by our Foundation go directly to enhance the quality of care provided at Kāʻū Hospital and its rural health clinic by enabling the purchase of advanced medical equipment, resources to improve patient and resident care as well as staff training and scholarships," says the Foundation's website. Donations can be made to Kāʻū Hospital Charitable Foundation, P.O. Box 773, Pāhala, HI 96777 or online. For more information, contact
kauhcf@gmail. See more at Ka`u Hospital Charitable Foundation.

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WHAT IS NEW LAND CALLED AT KILAUEA VOLCANO'S OCEAN ENTRIES? That's the question answered by this week's Volcano Watch written by scientists at Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, operated by the U.S. Geological Survey:

An active delta earlier this year on the southeast coast of
Kīlauea Volcano. USGS photo 

     Those following Kīlauea Volcano's ongoing East Rift Zone eruption are likely aware that when lava enters the ocean, it often forms new land. But what is this new land called?
     A few years ago, "bench" was the term commonly used for the accumulation of lava at an ocean entry. But geologists have moved away from that word, because the geologic definition of a bench does not agree with the process by which new land forms when lava enters the sea.
     "Lava delta" is now the accepted geologic characterization. But, because the word "bench" was used for so long, it can be hard to transition to a different name for the new land formed at an ocean entry. As we all know, bad habits are hard to break.
     The purpose of this Volcano Watch is to help resolve any confusion about what new land at an active ocean entry should be called, and to describe the processes by which lava deltas form and evolve.
     So, why is "bench" the wrong word? First and foremost, to geologists, benches are erosional features, whereas deltas are depositional features, formed by the accumulation of new material.

This cross-section shows the structure of a lava delta and highlights the hazards of these unstable features. Despite layers of cooled, solid lava (brown) on the delta surface, the unstable foundation (white) often shifts along zones of weakness (dashed black line) within the delta. These weak zones are often expressed as large cracks parallel to the coastline on the delta surface. Even if the cracks are superficially covered by new flows, they continue to weaken the foundation, making the lava delta prone to collapse. USGS graphic by J. Johnson

     Coastal benches are nearly horizontal terrains commonly formed by wave erosion over long periods of time. These flat and narrow features form at the base of sea cliffs near the high tide mark. In Hawaiʻi, Hanauma Bay is an example of a bench that cut into the southeast wall of a tuff ring (low relief volcanic crater) next to Koko Head on the Island of Oʻahu.
     Referring to a lava delta as a "shelf" is another common, but misguided, term that's used to describe the ocean entry feature. A shelf is a nearly horizontal, shallow ledge of continental crust that extends below sea level off the coast of a land mass. Island shelves can be found off the coast of the Hawaiian Islands as well, but they are generally much larger than lava deltas.
    In contrast to the erosional origin of a bench, a lava delta is a depositional feature built by the accumulation of lava near the base of the sea cliff at an ocean entry. To understand this process, picture a river delta, like that of the Mississippi.

Lava flowing onto a lava delta, adding on land to the island, but
unstable and capable of falling into the ocean. USGS photo

     River deltas are land areas that protrude from the surrounding coastline near the mouth of a river. They form when alluvium, such as silt and sand, is transported down the river and then deposited where the river enters a larger body of standing or slower-moving water, such as an ocean.
     Molten lava insulated in a tube is like a river. It is transported to the coast, where it enters the ocean.
     As the approximately 1140-degree Celsius (2080-degree Fahrenheit) lava flows into the ocean, it quickly cools, creating a potentially explosive interaction. Small explosions and surf action break the lava into smaller pieces of rubbly rock and sand, which are then deposited onto the sea floor beneath the ocean entry. The accumulation of this unconsolidated material produces the unstable foundation on which lava deltas are built.
     As a lava delta continues to grow, its front can begin to subside, because the increasing weight of the delta causes its rubbly foundation to shift. When a lava delta becomes too heavy, or is undercut downslope, it collapses, either partially or completely.
     When a lava delta collapses, it can trigger explosions that throw blocks of solid rock and fragments of molten lava both inland and seaward. Lava delta collapses can further undercut the older sea cliff, causing it to collapse as well. So, a seemingly stable sea cliff in the vicinity of an ocean entry is a hazardous area. Other hazards that accompany lava delta collapses include localized tsunami and large waves that can carry scalding seawater inland.
     Additional information about ocean entry hazards is posted on the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory website athttps://volcanoes.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo/hawaii_ocean_entry.html.

   Names say a lot, and in this case the name describes the process by which a lava delta forms. Calling the feature by other names can be misleading. When enjoying the excitement of lava entering the ocean, remember to call the new land a lava delta.

To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see Facebook. Follow us on Instagram and Twitter. See our online calendars and our latest print edition at kaucalendar.com.

VOLCANO VILLAGE ARTISTS HUI'S 31ST ART STUDIO TOUR & SALE winds up on Sunday, Nov. 26, from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m., with the public invited to visit six artists' studios in Volcano Village. Meet artists, view and purchase wide variety of artwork from local artists. Special drawing held at sales end. For more call 987-3472. Find a map of the six participating artists studios at VolcanoVillageArtistsHui.com.

THE ANNUAL DECORATED COTTAGES HOLIDAY CHALLENGE at Kīlauea Military Camp within Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park began this weekend and continues through Friday, Jan. 1. Open to authorized patrons and sponsored guests, the KMC Cottages are adorned with lighting and decorations for evening strolls. Park entrance fees apply. For more, call 967-8371 or visit kilaueamilitarycamp.com.

JOIN A GUIDED HIKE ALONG THE PALM TRAIL in the Kahuku Unit of Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park on Sunday, Nov. 26, from 9:30 a.m. to 12:30 p.m. The hike will also be offered on Dec. 3 and Dec. 23.
     Palm Trail is a moderately difficult 2.6-mile loop traversing scenic pastures along an ancient cinder cone, with some of the best panoramic views Kahuku has to offer. Highlights include relics of the ranching era, sections of remnant native forest and amazing volcanic features from the 1868 eruptive fissures.
     For more, visit nps.gov/HAVO.

HOVE ROAD MAINTENANCE BOARD OF DIRECTORS meets Tuesday, Nov. 28, at10 a.m., in the HOVE Road Maintenance Corp. office. For more, call 929-9910.

KA‘Ū FOOD PANTRY offers free food to those in need on Tuesday, Nov. 28, from 11:30 a.m. to 1 p.m., at St. Jude’s Episcopal Church in Ocean View.

REGISTER KEIKI, GRADES K-8, BY TUESDAY, NOV. 28, FOR A FELT WINTER HANGING CRAFT class that takes place Wednesday, Nov. 29, from 3:30 p.m. to 5 p.m. at Pāhala Community Center. For more, call 928-3102 or visit hawaiicounty.gov/pr-recreation.

THE ART OF TAIKO COMES TO NĀ‘ĀLEHU PUBLIC LIBRARY on Thursday, Nov. 30, from 3:30 p.m. to 4:15 p.m. Master taiko drummer Kenny Endo and his Taiko Center of the Pacific ensemble will demonstrate and discuss taiko in group and festival drumming.
     Recommended for ages five and older. Young children must be accompanied by a parent or adult caregiver. For more information, contact 939-2442.
     For a schedule of other upcoming library programs visit librarieshawaii.org/events.

CU HAWAI‘I FEDERAL CREDIT UNION OFFERS EMPLOYMENT as a Member Service Representative in Nā‘ālehu. CU Hawai‘i seeks energetic individuals for full time positions who enjoy working with people and can provide professional, courteous and efficient service to valued members.
     The ideal candidate must be service oriented and possess good communication and computer skills. Cash handling and customer service experience is preferred. Must be able to work Saturdays. CU Hawai‘i offers medical, drug, dental, vision and retirement benefits.
     Email, mail or fax application to: Attn: Human Resources, 476 Hinano Street Hilo, HI 96720, Fax: (808) 935-7793. Applications can be found online at cuhawaii.com/careers.html.