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Friday, May 24, 2019

Kaʻū News Briefs, Friday, May 24, 2019

Park visitors stop for a rest and a photo opportunity on Kīlauea Iki Trail on April 20. See how Hawaiʻi Volcanoes 
National Park benefits neighboring communities, below. NPS Photo/Janice Wei
HAWAIʻI VOLCANOES NATIONAL PARK VISITATION CREATED $94.1 MILLION IN ECONOMIC BENEFITS for communities near the Park in 2018, revealed a National Park Service report released today. It says visitor spending in 2018 supported 1,040 jobs locally and a cumulative benefit to the local economy of $123 million. There were 1,116,891 visitors to the Park, a drop from 2017, when more than two million visited the Park to spend $166 million within and near the Park. That spending supported 2,020 jobs and a cumulative benefit to the local economy of about $222.4 million.
     Acting Superintendent Rhonda Loh said, "It's not surprising to see a decrease in visitor spending during 2018 since most of Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park was closed for 134 days due to unsafe and unpredictable volcanic activity. What's important to note is that dangerous eruptive activity has ceased, and the vast majority of the park is open. Visitors are enjoying the park under clear skies free of volcanic gas, and are out hiking trails and marveling at scenic vistas near the summit, on Chain of Craters Road and Mauna Loa."
Park staff survey a closed and earthquake-damaged section of the south side 
of Crater Rim Drive, March 29. NPS Photo/J.Ferracane
     Loh added that the Park's Kahuku Unit, located about an hour south of the park's main entrance, remained open during the volcanic incident and increased its operational hours. As a result, Kahuku visitation in 2018 increased 181 percent from 2017: 9,097 visitors to 25,535.
     The 2018 report shows nationwide, a $20.2 billion of direct spending by more than 318 million park visitors in communities within 60 miles of a national park. This spending nationally supported 329,000 jobs with 268,000 of them in gateway communities. The cumulative benefit to the U.S. economy was $40.1 billion.
     Lodging expenses account for the largest share of visitor spending, about $6.8 billion nationally in 2018. Food is the second largest expense. Visitors spent $4 billion in restaurants and bars, and another $1.4 billion at grocery and convenience stores. Visitor spending on lodging supported more than 58,000 jobs and more than 61,000 jobs in restaurants.
     Visitor spending in recreation industries supported more than 28,000 jobs.
     Spending in retail supported more than 20,000 jobs.
A hiker explores spatter ramparts - geologic features from the fissure eruption
of Mauna Ulu - on the eve of its 50-year eruption anniversary, May 24.
NPS Photo/Janice Wei
     Economists Catherine Cullinane Thomas and Egan Cornachione of the U.S. Geological Survey, and Lynne Koontz of the National Park Service, conducted the peer-reviewed visitor spending analysis. They produced an interactive tool to explore visitor spending, jobs, labor income, value added, and output effects by sector for national, state, and local economies. Users can also view year-by-year trend data. The interactive tool and report are available at the NPS Social Science Program webpage nps.gov/subjects/socialscience/vse.htm.
     To learn more about national parks in Hawai‘i and how NPS works with Hawai‘i communities to help preserve local history, conserve the environment, and provide outdoor recreation, go to nps.gov/state/hi/index.htm. The Park's continued eruption recovery progress is updated at nps.gov/havo/recovery.htm.

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FIGHTING TO KEEP MORE THAN 17,000 MILITARY MEDICAL PERSONNEL AT WORK is a goal of Rep. Tulsi Gabbard. Along with Republican Rep. Brian Mast (FL), she wrote a bipartisan letter to the Director of the Defense Health Agency and Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs. It expresses concern over the impact of losing many medical personnel on service members and their families.
Rep. Tulsi Gabbard. Photo from Gabbard's Facebook
     Gabbard said military commands "have been instructed to prepare for the elimination of over 17,000 military medical personnel by October 1. These include physicians, social workers, psychologists, and other mental health professional billets, some even serving in areas where civilian practitioners are unavailable." Neither she nor the letter specify who provided the information of the pending removal of those personnel.
     Said Gabbard, "Service members and their families have made the ultimate commitment to our country. Making sure they get the healthcare they need is essential. To cut so many healthcare professionals runs the risk of compromising our troops' health and wellbeing, readiness, and operational capacity. It could disproportionately impact rural and underserved areas where we already face a shortage of medical professionals and specialists. In light of these concerns, we need answers."
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MORE THAN $80 MILLION IN FEDERAL RELIEF FUNDS won approval by the U.S. Senate on Thursday.  If the bill package passes, more than $98 million will help build a new Hawaiʻi Volcano Observatory headquarters and support ongoing functions, said Sen. Brian Schatz.
     Sen. Mazie Hirono and Schatz both voted for the $19.1 billion relief package in an 85-8 vote. The funds would also go toward helping other U.S. areas affected by natural disasters, like Puerto Rico. The package now goes to the U.S. House of Representatives.
     Said Hirono, "I will continue working to ensure our communities receive the assistance they deserve by calling on my colleagues to take this legislation up immediately in the House of Representatives and send it to the President's desk."
Hawaiian Volcanoes Observatory and Jaggar Museum gain a more direct view into Halemaʻumaʻu. However, the months
of earthquakes and explosive eruptive events caused what may be irreparable damage to the buildings. NPS photo
     Said Schatz, a member of the Senate Appropriations Committee, "I will continue to fight for federal resources at every opportunity to help Hawai‘i recover."
     Said Hirono, "Last year's natural disasters seriously impacted thousands of Hawaiʻi residents, and they have been waiting too long to receive federal assistance as they recover. This legislation will provide much needed resources for homeowners impacted by flooding on Kauaʻi, communities impacted by volcanic activity on the Big Island, and citizens living in U.S. Territories.
     Hirono said the Hawaiʻi priorities she "fought to include in the Senate Disaster Supplemental Bill" include:
     - Allowing Hawaiʻi farmers and producers impacted by volcanic activity and flooding to participate in the USDA's Wildfires and Hurricanes Indemnity Program, with over $3 billion in funding to provide assistance beyond insurance.
     - Providing $98.5 million to U.S. Geological Survey to support immediate needs of Hawaiian Volcano Observatory personnel operating in temporary space and to rebuild HVO which was damaged beyond repair during the Kīlauea eruption.
     - Funding over $82 million to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in construction related to 2018 disasters, including the flooding event on Kauaʻi which damaged Hanalei National Wildlife Refuge.
The lava river from Fissures 16 through 20. The flows from the
 fissures in Puna buried homes, farms, recreational areas, and
more, under feet to yards of fresh, hot land. USGS photo
     - Providing $2.43 billion for the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development's Community Development Block Grant Disaster Recovery program to support communities and neighborhoods rebuilding after natural disasters. The provision expands on last year's $1.68 billion investment in the CDBG-DR program, which included $67 million for Hawaiʻi natural disasters. Another provision provides $600 million for the Department of Commerce's Economic Development Assistance Programs, through which Hawaiʻi has already received nearly $200,000 to rebuild infrastructure in communities recovering from disasters.
     In addition to Hawaiʻi priorities, said Hirono, the recovery bill "provides much needed resources to territories impacted by recent disasters," including an additional $36 million in Medicaid funding for the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and $18 million for disaster nutrition assistance for American Samoa.
     The bill also provides $605 million in disaster nutrition assistance and $304 million in Community Development Block Grant funding to Puerto Rico, and directs the administration to disburse previously appropriated disaster aid within 90 days.

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"EATING A SLUG ON A DARE" is responsible for one of the confirmed rat lungworm infections sustained by visitors to Hawaiʻi Island since December, reports the Hawai‘i Department of Health. DOH received notification from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that its laboratory recently "confirmed three unrelated cases of angiostrongyliasis, or rat lungworm disease." All three are adult residents of the U.S. mainland and were traveling in Hawai‘i when they were infected with the parasite causing rat lungworm.
The semi-slug is a common rat lungworm vector, or carrier.
See a video on prevention. Photo from CTAHR
     The individual who "became infected by purposely eating a slug on a dare," reports DOH, visited East Hawai‘i in December 2018. The visitor became ill in late December and was not hospitalized for symptoms. This was the eighth of ten people confirmed infected on Hawai‘i Island in 2018.
     The other two infected visitors  traveled the west side of Hawai‘i Island.  The first became ill in early January 2019 and was not hospitalized. According to the report, "It is not known how the individual was infected. However, they do remember eating many homemade salads while on vacation."
     The second person became ill in late February 2019 and was hospitalized for a short time. According to the report, "The investigation was not able to identify an exact source of infection, but the individual likely became infected while 'grazing,' or eating unwashed raw fruits, vegetables, and other plants straight from the land."
Rat lungworm parasite, angiostrongyliasis, magnified.
 Image from Jarvi Lab, UH-Hilo
     The statewide total as of May 24, is five confirmed cases of rat lungworm in 2019, all contracted on Hawai‘i Island.
     State Health Director Bruce Anderson said, "It's important that we ensure our visitors know the precautions to take to prevent rat lungworm disease, which can have severe long-term effects. Getting information to visitors about the disease is just as critical as raising awareness amongst our residents. We recognize that there is more work to be done in educating residents and visitors and making sure they know how to prevent the spread of this disease."
     Health official recommendations to prevent rat lungworm disease include: Wash all fruits and vegetables under clean, running water to remove any tiny slugs or snails. Pay close attention to leafy greens. Control snail, slug, and rat populations around homes, gardens and farms. Get rid of these disease-carrying agents (vectors) safely by clearing debris where they might live, and using traps and baits. Always wear gloves for safety when working outdoors. Inspect, wash, and store produce in sealed containers, regardless of whether it came from a local retailer, farmer's market, or backyard garden.
     See a video on controlling slugs and snails at youtube.com/watch?time_continue=14&v=8PzqNrcMlzk.

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Some members of Kaʻū Little League. Photo from Gabe Morales
THE BENEFIT CONCERT FOR KAʻŪ LITTLE LEAGUE on Sunday, May 19 brought in $800. Gabe Morales of non-profit organization Criminal Justice Solutions presented Joshua Crook with the funds, which will go toward team equipment. Several boxes of food were also collected and donated to Kaʻū Food Pantry. The Crook family, Morales told The Kaʻū Calendar, "was instrumental in bringing a Little League team to Kaʻū." Over 50 people attended the fundraiser at The Terraces in Ocean View. D-Tech Solutions performed live at the venue, Lopaka Rootz performed live from Kona. Sponsored by Criminal Justice Solutions and Kahuku Community Block Watch, "Helping our youth and community via physical fitness and teamwork."
     Kaʻū Little League Minors and Majors continue to seek donations and sponsors to help the young baseball players of Kaʻū participate in Kaʻū's Little League and play games all over Hawaiʻi Island. Monetary donations go to offsetting registration fees, and uniform and equipment costs.
     Contact Josh or Elizabeth Crook at 345-0511 or kaulittleleague@yahoo.com.

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A CONCERT TO RAISE MONEY FOR STEWARDSHIP OF THE KAʻŪ COAST will be held tomorrow, Saturday, May 25, 6 p.m., at Pāhala Plantation House on the corner of Maile and Pikake Streets. The concert is one in a series of performances during the Hawaiʻi International Music Festival, in its third season in the islands. The series is called Of Water.
Metropolitan Opera Soprano Amy
Shoremount-Obra. HIMF photo
2018 International Bach Competition
Prize Winning Pianist Andrew Rosenblum.
HIMF photo
     The recital features internationally acclaimed artists Metropolitan Opera Soprano Amy Shoremount-Obra and 2018 International Bach Competition Prize Winning Pianist Andrew Rosenblum. They will perform works by Turina, Mahler, Fauré, Rachmaninoff, Duke, and more.
     Donations accepted at the event go to Kaʻū Coast non-profit stewardship organizations, including Nā Mamo O Kāwā, nmok.org; Ka ʻOhana O Honuʻapo, honuapopark.org; Ala Kahakai Trail Association, alakahakaitrail.org; Hawaiʻi Wildlife Fund, wildhawaii.org; and Hoʻomalu Kaʻū, hoomalukau@gmail.com.
     In addition to the opportunity to donate to coastal stewardships, an opportunity to support Hawaiʻi International Music Festival is available by reserving best seats for $25 each. They are available at recitalpahala.bpt.me and at the door – cash or check only. See the concert schedule for other islands at himusicfestival.com. For overnight accommodations, contact Pāhala Plantation Cottages at 928-9811.

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Print edition of The Kaʻū Calendar is free to 5,500 mailboxes 
throughout Kaʻū, from Miloliʻi through Volcano, and free on 
stands throughout the district. Read online at kaucalendar.com
JUST ANNOUNCED
A UNIVERSE OF STORIES All Ages Summer Reading Program runs from Saturday, June 1 through Saturday, July 13. Sponsored in part by the Friends of the Library of Hawaiʻi, participants are eligible to win a round trip for four anywhere Alaska Airlines files. Free activities, programs, reading rewards, and prize drawings. Learn more and register at librarieshawaii.beanstack.org.

To read comments, add your own, and like this story, see Facebook. Follow us on Instagram and Twitter. See our online calendars and our latest print edition at kaucalendar.com.

UPCOMING
SATURDAY, MAY 25
15th Annual Celebration of Life Lantern Floating, Saturday, May 25, 3:30 p.m. – 7:30 p.m., Reed's Bay, Hilo, same day Pre-Event, 1:15 p.m. – 2 p.m., Ka‘ū Hospital, Pāhala. Pre-event features motorcycle and classic car community riding in procession to the hospital to meet and greet patients, staff and Ka‘ū Community before riding to main event. Celebration of life bracelet available online, $10 donation, limited supply. Public welcome to both events. Benefits Hawai‘i Care Choices. 969-1733, hawaiicarechoices.org

Support Ka‘ū Coast Stewardship by attending the Of Water classical piano and opera concert at Pāhala Plantation House on Saturday, May 25, at 6 p.m. Reserved seating tickets are $25, donations for stewardship are welcome. See more, below.

SUNDAY, MAY 26
ʻO Kaʻū Kākou Public Update on Senior Housing happens Sunday, May 26, 4 p.m. okaukakou.org

MONDAY, MAY 27
Memorial Day Ceremony, Monday, May 27, 3 p.m., Front Lawn, Kīlauea Military Camp. Keynote speaker: Lt. Col. Loreto Borce, Jr., Commander of Pohakuloa Training Area. Open to public. In case of rain ceremony will be moved indoors. Park entrance fees apply. 967-8371, kilaueamilitarycamp.com

Memorial Day Buffet, Monday, May 27, 4 p.m. – 7 p.m., Crater Rim Café, Kīlauea Military Camp. BBQ Pork Ribs, Local Styles Fried Chicken, Smoked Vegetable Kabobs, salads and more. $20.95/Adults, $11.95/Child (ages 6-11). No reservations required. Open to all authorized patrons and sponsored guests. Park entrance fees apply. 967-8356, kilaueamilitarycamp.com

TUESDAY, MAY 28
HOVE Road Maintenance Board Mtg., Tuesday, May 28, 10 a.m., HOVE Road Maintenance office. hoveroad.com, 929-9910, gm@hoveroad.com

Ka‘ū Food Pantry, Tuesday, May 28, 11:30 a.m. – 1 p.m., St. Jude's Episcopal Church in Ocean View. Volunteers welcome. Dave Breskin, 319-8333

After Dark in the Park – Hawai‘i's Landfill Crisis: From Hopeless to Hopeful, Tuesday, May 28, 7 p.m., Kīlauea Visitor Center Auditorium. Special guest speakers Lori Kahikina, P.E. Director, Department of Environmental Services and Jim Howe, Emergency Services Director present sobering look at Hawaiʻi’s future and a call to action that provides hope while separating myth from reality. Free; park entrance fees apply. 985-6011, nps.gov/havo

WEDNESDAY, MAY 29
Kōkua Kupuna Project, Wednesday, May 29 – last Wednesday, monthly – 9 a.m. – 11 a.m., St. Jude's Episcopal Church, Ocean View. Seniors 60 years and older encouraged to attend, ask questions, and inquire about services offered through Legal Aid Society of Hawai‘i – referral required, 961-8626 for free legal services. Under 60, call 1-800-499-4302. More info: tahisha.despontes@legalaidhawaii.org, 329-3910 ext. 925. legalaidhawaii.org

THURSDAY, MAY 30
Summer Keiki Learn-to-Swim Registration, Thursday, May 30, and Friday, May 31, 1 p.m. – 4 p.m., Pāhala Swimming Pool, Ka‘ū High & Pāhala Elementary School Campus. $15 per session; cash or check accepted. Payable to County Director of Finance. 928-8177, hawaiicounty.gov/pr-aquatics

Volcano Friends Feeding Friends, Thursday, May 30, 4 p.m. – 6 p.m., Cooper Center, Volcano Village. Free community dinner for all. Additional packaged goods to take home for those in need. Donations and volunteers encouraged. 967-7800, thecoopercenter.org

FRIDAY, MAY 31
Coffee Talk at Kahuku, Roosevelt's Tree Army: Civilian Conservation Corps in Hawai‘i, Friday, May 31, 9:30 a.m. – 11 a.m., Kahuku Unit Visitor Contact Station. Talk story with Dr. Jadelyn Moniz Nakamura. "Bring your own cuppa." Free. nps.gov/havo

ONGOING
Summer Programs for Kaʻū High & Pāhala Elementary registrations are open. Uplink All-Stars is on Friday, June 7 through Friday, June 28 for students in grades 6, 7, and 8. Monday, June 10 through Friday, June 21, Algebra camp is also open to students in grades 6, 7, and 8.
     For high school students, Early College runs from Wednesday, June 12 through Thursday, July 11.
     All three programs require registration by calling 313-4100.
     Open to all people under age 18, no registration required, the Seamless Summer Program offers free breakfast from 7:30 a.m. to 8 a.m., and free lunch from 11 a.m. to 11:30 a.m., on weekdays in the school cafeteria.

Exhibit – Hulihia, A Complete Change: The Hawai‘i Nei Invitational Exhibition, runs through June 16, daily, 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. at Volcano Art Center Gallery. Multi-media exhibition of seven artists. Free; National Park entrance fees may apply. 967-7565, volcanoartcenter.org

Full-Time Teaching Assistant Sought by Tūtū & Me to implement curriculum for caregivers and keiki in Tūtū & Me Traveling Preschool in Kaʻū. Competitive salary and benefits package, including medical, dental, drug, and vision; flexible spending plan; 403b retirement plan; vacation, sick days, and 14 paid days off; and more.
     Minimum requirement is a high school diploma. Early Childhood Education, related coursework, and/or experience working children preferred. For more, visit pidf.org/about/careers. Apply by emailing resume and cover letter to hr@pidfoundation.org or fax to 808-440-6619.

Hi-Employment Seeks Student Employees to work in a macadamia nut orchard on weekends and holidays. Duties include hand-harvesting macadamia nuts, filling and transporting nut bag and buckets, loading 25-plus pound bags into truck beds, and possible clearing of brush and branches. Applicants must be at least 15 years old, have a work permit, two forms of ID, and transportation to "Panaʻewa Stretch." Call for more details, 238-3741, hi-employment.com.

Nāʻālehu Independence Day Parade happens Saturday, June 29 at 11 a.m. The parade route begins at the Nāʻālehu Elementary School and ends at the Nāʻālehu Hongwanji Mission. To participate, call Debra McIntosh, 929-9872.

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Thursday, May 23, 2019

Kaʻū News Briefs, Thursday, May 23, 2019

Operators of Pakini Nui Wind Farm at South Point plan to contribute to the protection of Hawaiian petrels nesting
within Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park, as part of windmill Habitat Conservation Plan.
Photo by Geoffrey Jones/ Smithsonian Magazine
WINDMILLS AND ENDANGERED FLYING SPECIES were the focus of a public meeting held by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service tonight at Nāʻālehu Community Center.
     Representatives of Fish & Wildlife explained the effort on the part of windmill operators at South Point, and on Maui and Oʻahu, to minimize risk to ʻōpeʻapeʻa, the Hawaiian hoary bat; nēnē, the Hawaiian goose; and ʻuaʻumu, the Hawaiian petrel. They also asked for public comment, which is due June 10.
     The windmill operators are applying for a permit, which requires approval by Fish & Wildlife to continue to operate. The permit proposals estimate possible harm to the endangered species and ways to mitigate and offset it. The federal government will decide whether to approve the plans, to approve them with additional requirements, or to deny them. No opposition to the windmills was heard at the meeting.
A new nēnē breeding area would be assisted through a
contribution from Pakini Nui Wind Farm at South Point.
Photo by Julia Neal
     Operators of Pakini Nui Wind Farm at South Point seek a 20-year permit and offer to minimize risk to the birds and bats by turning off the turbines when wind speed is low. They also propose to offset any incidental, unintentional harm with three programs described in a Habitat Conservation Plan - a voluntary agreement between the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, the landowner (Kamehameha Schools), and the wind farm operator.
     One program would work with the state Department of Forestry & Wildlife to construct a new seven-acre predator proof nēnē breeding area on this island. Another would assist with management of a petrel colony, with fencing, within Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park. A third would assist with invasive plant removal and native plants and forest restoration in the Kahuku Unit of Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National park in order to increase habitat for the hoary bat.
     Pakini Nui Wind Farm, owned by Tawhiri Power LLC, is a 21-megawatt energy facility that started operating April 3, 2007. Pakini Nui operates 14 General Electric 1.5-MW SE turbines and provides almost all of the energy it produces to Hawaiʻi Electric Light Co.
     When windmills were first operated on the very windy South Point lands, it was unknown whether there would be an impact on endangered species, explained the Fish & Wildlife representatives at the Nāʻālehu meeting.
Hawaiian hoary bats live alone in the forest and are
found around South Point. Photo from Bishop Museum
     Hoary bats live alone in trees, rather than caves, and are often seen in native forests. During recent years, Pakini windmill operators conducted studies documenting the presence of the hoary bat, nēnē, and petrel, and their interactions with the windmills. They estimated the possible dangers, using desktop-based risk assessments and avian field surveys.
     The plans offered by the windmill companies are evaluated, using the Endangered Species Act concept of the word "take." Fish & Wildlife representatives explained "take" means to harass and harm, pursue, hunt and shoot, wound, or kill the endangered species. The number of unintentional, incidental takes allowed are authorized in the permit, along with mitigating and offsetting measures.
     Fish & Wildlife reported that mitigation measures were developed with the intention of providing a net ecological benefit to the species in alignment with state and federal recovery goals.
     Pakini Nui is requesting "authorized incidental take" amounts of 26 per year for the ʻōpeʻapeʻa bat; three for the ʻuaʻu petrel; and three for the nēnē. Pakini Nui's projections show "no other listed, proposed, or candidate species have been found or are known or expected to be present in the Project Area, with the exception of the federally and state-listed band-rumped storm-petrel," which is in such small numbers on Hawaiʻi Island, it is not projected to be affected.
South Point wind farm, Pakini Nui, sells almost all the power it produces to Hawaiʻi Electric Light. Photo by Peter Anderson
     The Plan and Environmental Impact Statement for Pakini Nui is available to read and make comment online at fws.gov/pacificislands. Public comment is open through Monday, June 10. To request additional information or submit written comments (must be sent or postmarked by June 10): email, HIwindPEIS@fws.gov. Fax, 808–792–9580, Attn: Field Supervisor. Mail the Field Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office, 300 Ala Moana Boulevard, Room 3–122, Honolulu, HI, 96850. In correspondence, include Wind Energy HCPs and PEIS and reference FWS–R1–ES–2019–N032 in the subject line of your request, message, or comment. All comments and materials received become part of the public record. Fish & Wildlife advises that the entire comment – including personal identifying information – might be made publicly available at any time.

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KĪLAUEA'S MAUNA ULU ERUPTED 50 YEARS AGO. Volcano Watch commemorates the event with a look back at the five-year eruption. It is written by U.S. Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory geologist Carolyn Parcheta:
     May 24, 2019, is a notable date in Kīlauea Volcano's history. It is the one-year anniversary of several key events in the 2018 Kīlauea eruption, most notably, the reactivation of fissure 8 with intermittent spattering while fissures 7 and 21 were producing two ‘a‘ā flows. It is also the 50th anniversary of another important event on Kīlauea's East Rift Zone: the start of the 1969‒1974 Mauna Ulu eruption. 
This fountain was about 540 m (1770 ft) tall on Sept. 6, 1969. The tephra cone,
 eventually named Mauna Ulu, can be seen in the fallout area (right of the fountains,
 (middle of image). It is now a 121 m (397 ft) tall lava shield in Hawaiʻi
Volcanoes National Park. In the foreground, lava cascades into ‘Ālo‘i crater, 
where it began to spread across the crater floor. USGS photo by D. Swanson
     Fifty years ago, on May 24, 1969, the opening fissure of the Mauna Ulu eruption broke ground where Kīlauea's east rift and the Koa‘e fault zone intersect. This fissure behaved similarly to fissures 17, 20, and 22 of the 2018 eruption with 30-meter- (100-foot-) tall lava fountains emerging from a linear crack. This style of eruption is classic to Hawaiʻi and is called "Hawaiian fountaining" in volcanology textbooks around the world.
     At Mauna Ulu, the fissure system stretched 4.5 kilometers (3 miles) from east to west, and cut straight through ‘Ālo‘i and Ala‘e pit craters within the Park. The fountains were confined to two main areas: one between the two pit craters and the other west of ‘Ālo‘i crater. ‘Ālo‘i crater filled with 25 meters (82 feet) of lava, which then drained back into a drowned fissure vent on the crater floor, even though lava was coming out of the ground on either side of the pit crater.
     On the first day of the Mauna Ulu eruption, the western fountaining zone erupted for 18 hours. The eastern zone erupted for 36 hours, but not much is known about that activity because the Chain of Craters road was cut by the western fountains, making the eastern fountains visible only in the far distance.
     The five-year-long Mauna Ulu eruption was preceded by a series of East Rift Zone fissure eruptions that occurred in 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963 (2), 1965 (2), 1968 (2), and February 1969, each lasting between 1 and 15 days. At the time, there was no way to know that the eruptive activity that began on May 24, 1969, was the start of something bigger. In fact, at only 36 hours long, it seemed rather insignificant.
     The episode 1 fissure produced spatter in linear ramparts several meters (yards) high on the north (upslope) side of the fissures. Ramparts did not generally form on the south side of the fissures because the spatter was rafted away on lava as it flowed downslope.
     Ultimately, this brief fissure was the first of 12 lava fountaining episodes during the early Mauna Ulu eruption that continued through December 31, 1969. Beginning with episode 2, activity was localized to only the eastern fountaining zone. The vent would often have dual fountains, which erupted side-by-side, occasionally with both the same height, ranging from several tens to several hundred meters (yards) high. 
Red dashed line delineates the May 24-25, 1969, fissure of the Mauna Ulu eruption. Pink denotes the lava flow field 
produced by this episode 1 activity. Black lines show the extent of the flow field at the end of the Mauna Ulu 
eruption in July 1974. A dashed black line indicates sections of the original Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park 
Chain of Craters Road that were covered by Mauna Ulu lava. Map source: USGS Professional Paper 1056
     The lava fountains eventually built a tephra cone 50 m (150 ft) tall. This cone, made of scoria, pumice, and yellow-gold reticulate, was named Mauna Ulu, growing mountain. It was later covered in 70 m (230 ft) of lava and is a prominent landmark still visible from the Chain of Craters Road in the Park.
     In January 1970, the Mauna Ulu eruption became effusive, producing lava flows that traveled south through the national park, and ultimately reached the ocean. A lava lake formed within the tephra cone, allowing HVO researchers to document and understand gas pistoning behavior. Lava also filled in ‘Ālo‘i and Ala‘e pit craters.
     After a 3.5 month pause – October 1971 to February 1972 – eruptive activity resumed for two more years, until July 1974, when the eruption finally ended.
     This eruption produced invaluable scientific advancements in volcano science, including an improved scientific understanding of how pāhoehoe and ‘a‘ā form. Mauna Ulu provided the first detailed observations of pillow lava forming underwater – filmed by brave divers. The development of large lava flow fields, the formation of lava tubes, and the origin of tree molds were also documented.
     Indeed, May 24 marks an important anniversary: The Mauna Ulu eruption was the largest, most voluminous, and best documented eruption recorded at Kīlauea in the 20th century, until 1983, when the next long-lived eruption began.
Mauna Ulu, right. NPS photo
Volcano Activity Updates
     Kῑlauea Volcano is not erupting and its USGS Volcano Alert level remains at NORMAL. The USGS Volcano Alert level for Mauna Loa remains at NORMAL. HVO continues to closely monitor both Kīlauea and Mauna Loa for any signs of increased activity. For definitions of USGS Volcano Alert Levels, see volcanoes.usgs.gov/vhp/about_alerts.html.
     At Kῑlauea, rates of deformation, gas release, and seismicity have not changed significantly over the past week. Since early March, tiltmeters at the summit have recorded modest inflationary tilt. During the same time period, a GPS station within the 2018 collapse area has recorded approximately 5 cm (3 in) of uplift. On Kīlauea's East Rift Zone, GPS stations and tiltmeters continue to show motions consistent with refilling of the deep magmatic reservoir in the broad region between Puʻu ʻŌʻō and Highway 130. This trend has been observed since the end of the 2018 eruption.
     Sulfur dioxide emission rates on Kīlauea's ERZ and summit remain low. Gas measurements have not indicated that large volumes of magma have become significantly shallow, but HVO continues to closely monitor gas emissions at both the summit and ERZ of Kīlauea for any changes.
     One earthquake with three or more felt reports occurred in Hawaiʻi this past week: a magnitude-3.0 quake 10 km (6 mi) southeast of Volcano Village at 6 km (4 mi) depth on May 19 at 4:15 p.m.
     Visit volcanoes.usgs.gov/hvo for past Volcano Watch articles, Kīlauea and Mauna Loa updates, volcano photos, maps, recent earthquake info, and more. Call 808-967-8862 for weekly Kīlauea updates. Email questions to askHVO@usgs.gov.

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FRIDAY IS THE LAST DAY FOR THE BOGO BOOKFAIR at Nāʻālehu Elementary at the school library until 2:30 p.m. Librarian Linda Morgan offers the buy-one-get-one free sale as incentive to get books into the hands of students for summer reading.  Instead of students bringing cash to school, families can opt to set up an ewallet for their student to purchase books. The ewallet allows an adult to set a purchase limit and only items that are actually purchased will be charged to the account. Check out scholastic.com/bf/naalehuelementaryschool for more information. The public is invited to the book fair, but asked to check in the office during school hours.

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Print edition of The Kaʻū Calendar is free to 5,500 mailboxes 
throughout Kaʻū, from Miloliʻi through Volcano, and free on 
stands throughout the district. Read online at kaucalendar.com
JUST ANNOUNCED
SMALL AGRICULTURE BUSINESS WORKSHOP to promote Native Hawaiian entrepreneurship happens Friday, June 7, 10 a.m. to 2:30 p.m. in Hilo at Komohana Research and Extension Center, Conf. Rm. D202, 875 Komohana Street. Organized by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs Mana Ka Lāhui, Empower the People, presenters include Megan Blazak of The Kohala Center, and Kierstan Akahoshi of University of Hawaiʻi-Mānoa College of Tropical Agriculture & Human Resources. RSVP and questions, contact Kamaile Puluole-Mitchell at 808-933-3106 or kamallep@oha.org.

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UPCOMING
FRIDAY, MAY 24
Kaʻū Rural Health Community Association's 21st annual Rural Health Conference and General Membership Meeting happens Friday, May 24, 9 a.m. to 1:30 p.m., at Pāhala Community Center. The meeting features youth achievements recognition and community resource networks, and offers free health screenings, informational booths, food exhibits, and door prizes.
     Special guests are Dr. Neal Palafox, MD, MPH Professor; University of Hawaiʻi; John A. Burns School of Medicine; and Department of Family Medicine and Community Health. A focus of the event will be embracing and understanding the cultural transition of Marshallese.
     To be a vendor at the event, call the Resource and Distance Learning Center at 928-0101. See krhcai.com.

SATURDAY, MAY 25
15th Annual Celebration of Life Lantern Floating, Saturday, May 25, 3:30 p.m. – 7:30 p.m., Reed's Bay, Hilo, same day Pre-Event, 1:15 p.m. – 2 p.m., Ka‘ū Hospital, Pāhala. Pre-event features motorcycle and classic car community riding in procession to the hospital to meet and greet patients, staff and Ka‘ū Community before riding to main event. Celebration of life bracelet available online, $10 donation, limited supply. Public welcome to both events. Benefits Hawai‘i Care Choices. 969-1733, hawaiicarechoices.org

Support Ka‘ū Coast Stewardship by attending the Of Water Hawai`i International Music Festival classical piano and opera concert at Pāhala Plantation House on Saturday, May 25, at 6 p.m. Reserved seating tickets are $25, donations for stewardship are welcome. See more, below.

SUNDAY, MAY 26
ʻO Kaʻū Kākou Public Update on Senior Housing happens Sunday, May 26, 4 p.m. okaukakou.org

MONDAY, MAY 27
Memorial Day Ceremony, Monday, May 27, 3 p.m., Front Lawn, Kīlauea Military Camp. Keynote speaker: Lt. Col. Loreto Borce, Jr., Commander of Pohakuloa Training Area. Open to public. In case of rain ceremony will be moved indoors. Park entrance fees apply. 967-8371, kilaueamilitarycamp.com

Memorial Day Buffet, Monday, May 27, 4 p.m. – 7 p.m., Crater Rim Café, Kīlauea Military Camp. BBQ Pork Ribs, Local Styles Fried Chicken, Smoked Vegetable Kabobs, salads and more. $20.95/Adults, $11.95/Child (ages 6-11). No reservations required. Open to all authorized patrons and sponsored guests. Park entrance fees apply. 967-8356, kilaueamilitarycamp.com

TUESDAY, MAY 28
HOVE Road Maintenance Board Mtg., Tuesday, May 28, 10 a.m., HOVE Road Maintenance office. hoveroad.com, 929-9910, gm@hoveroad.com

Ka‘ū Food Pantry, Tuesday, May 28, 11:30 a.m. – 1 p.m., St. Jude's Episcopal Church in Ocean View. Volunteers welcome. Dave Breskin, 319-8333

After Dark in the Park – Hawai‘i's Landfill Crisis: From Hopeless to Hopeful, Tuesday, May 28, 7 p.m., Kīlauea Visitor Center Auditorium. Special guest speakers Lori Kahikina, P.E. Director, Department of Environmental Services and Jim Howe, Emergency Services Director present sobering look at Hawaiʻi’s future and a call to action that provides hope while separating myth from reality. Free; park entrance fees apply. 985-6011, nps.gov/havo

WEDNESDAY, MAY 29
Kōkua Kupuna Project, Wednesday, May 29 – last Wednesday, monthly – 9 a.m. – 11 a.m., St. Jude's Episcopal Church, Ocean View. Seniors 60 years and older encouraged to attend, ask questions, and inquire about services offered through Legal Aid Society of Hawai‘i – referral required, 961-8626 for free legal services. Under 60, call 1-800-499-4302. More info: tahisha.despontes@legalaidhawaii.org, 329-3910 ext. 925. legalaidhawaii.org

THURSDAY, MAY 30
Summer Keiki Learn-to-Swim Registration, Thursday, May 30, and Friday, May 31, 1 p.m. – 4 p.m., Pāhala Swimming Pool, Ka‘ū High & Pāhala Elementary School Campus. $15 per session; cash or check accepted. Payable to County Director of Finance. 928-8177, hawaiicounty.gov/pr-aquatics

Volcano Friends Feeding Friends, Thursday, May 30, 4 p.m. – 6 p.m., Cooper Center, Volcano Village. Free community dinner for all. Additional packaged goods to take home for those in need. Donations and volunteers encouraged. 967-7800, thecoopercenter.org

ONGOING
Summer Programs for Kaʻū High & Pāhala Elementary registrations are open. Uplink All-Stars on Friday, June 7 through Friday, June 28 for students in grades 6, 7, and 8. Monday, June 10 through Friday, June 21, Algebra camp is also open to students in grades 6, 7, and 8.
     For high school students, Early College runs from Wednesday, June 12 through Thursday, July 11.
     All three programs require registration by calling 313-4100.
     Open to all people under age 18, no registration required, the Seamless Summer Program offers free breakfast from 7:30 a.m. to 8 a.m., and free lunch from 11 a.m. to 11:30 a.m., on weekdays in the school cafeteria.

Exhibit – Hulihia, A Complete Change: The Hawai‘i Nei Invitational Exhibition,  runs through June 16, daily, 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. at Volcano Art Center Gallery. Multi-media exhibition of seven artists. Free; National Park entrance fees may apply. 967-7565, volcanoartcenter.org

Full-Time Teaching Assistant Sought by Tūtū & Me to implement curriculum for caregivers and keiki in Tūtū & Me Traveling Preschool in Kaʻū. Competitive salary and benefits package, including medical, dental, drug, and vision; flexible spending plan; 403b retirement plan; vacation, sick days, and 14 paid days off; and more.
     Minimum requirement is a high school diploma. Early Childhood Education, related coursework, and/or experience working children preferred. For more, visit pidf.org/about/careers. Apply by emailing resume and cover letter to hr@pidfoundation.org or fax to 808-440-6619.

Hi-Employment Seeks Student Employees to work in a macadamia nut orchard on weekends and holidays. Duties include hand-harvesting macadamia nuts, filling and transporting nut bag and buckets, loading 25-plus pound bags into truck beds, and possible clearing of brush and branches. Applicants must be at least 15 years old, have a work permit, two forms of ID, and transportation to "Panaʻewa Stretch." Call for more details, 238-3741, hi-employment.com.

Nāʻālehu Independence Day Parade happens Saturday, June 29 at 11 a.m. The parade route begins at the Nāʻālehu Elementary School and ends at the Nāʻālehu Hongwanji Mission. To participate, call Debra McIntosh, 929-9872.
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A CONCERT TO RAISE MONEY FOR STEWARDSHIP OF THE KAʻŪ COAST will be held on Saturday, May 25, 6 p.m. at Pāhala Plantation House on the corner of Maile and Pikake Streets. The concert is one in a series of performances during the Hawaiʻi International Music Festival, in its third season in the islands. The series is called Of Water.
Metropolitan Opera Soprano Amy
Shoremount-Obra. HIMF photo
2018 International Bach Competition
Prize Winning Pianist Andrew Rosenblum.
HIMF photo
     The recital features internationally acclaimed artists Metropolitan Opera Soprano Amy Shoremount-Obra and 2018 International Bach Competition Prize Winning Pianist Andrew Rosenblum. They will perform works by Turina, Mahler, Fauré, Rachmaninoff, Duke, and more.
     Donations accepted at the event go to Kaʻū Coast non-profit stewardship organizations, including Nā Mamo O Kāwā, nmok.org; Ka ʻOhana O Honuʻapo, honuapopark.org; Ala Kahakai Trail Association, alakahakaitrail.org; Hawaiʻi Wildlife Fund, wildhawaii.org; and Hoʻomalu Kaʻū, hoomalukau@gmail.com.
     In addition to the opportunity to donate to coastal stewardships, an opportunity to support Hawaiʻi International Music Festival is available by reserving best seats for $25 each. They are available at recitalpahala.bpt.me and at the door – cash or check only. See the concert schedule for other islands at himusicfestival.com. For overnight accommodations, contact Pāhala Plantation Cottages at 928-9811.
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