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| The first Bon Dance since COVID began will be held this Saturday, Sept. 16 at Pāhala Hongwanji, with outdoor dancing in the round, following a 4 p.m. service. Photo by Ron Johnson |
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| Myra Sumida will perform with Pāhala Taiko on Saturday at Bon Dance at Pāhala Hongwanji. Photo by Julia Neal |
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| Aikido demonstrations will be part of the Bon Dance celebration at Pāhala Hongwanji on Saturday evening. Photo by Julia Neal |
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Summit Eruption Observations: Several roughly east-west oriented vents continue to erupt on the western side of the down-dropped block within Kīlauea’s summit caldera and are generating lava flows
onto Halema‘uma‘u crater floor. Effusion rates continue to decrease, but remain significant.
- Vigorous spattering is restricted to the westernmost large spatter cone with fountains 10-15 meters. Minor spattering is occurring within the next cone to the east, but the fountains remain mostly below the rim of its cone. Lava continues to flow from these and potentially several of the other cones.
- Pāhoehoe lava flows continue to travel in north and west directions from the vents, around elevated ground from the 1982 eruption, and onto Halema‘uma‘u crater floor. Overnight on Thursday, webcam imagery shows that the area of active lava remains restricted to the western part of the downdropped block and the northeastern parts of Halema‘uma‘u. This area of active lava does not appear to have changed significantly in size over the past 24 hours. Numerous oozeouts of lava were visible over other parts of Halema‘uma‘u crater floor overnight.
- Field crews Thursday reported that lava fountain heights at the vents reached up to about 10-15 meters (32-50 feet) and the horseshoe-shaped spatter ramparts that have accumulated on the south/downwind side of the vents remain 20 meters (66 feet) high.
- The laser rangefinder is aimed at a western portion of Halema‘uma‘u, not near the new eruptive activity, and recorded about 10 meters (33 feet) of uplift to this locality since the eruption started. This demonstrates that a significant amount of lava has intruded beneath the pre-existing crust within Halema‘uma‘u.
- Volcanic gas emissions in the eruption area are elevated; winds yesterday, September 14, prevented measurements of a suflur dioxide (SO2) emission rate. The most recent SO2 emission rate of 20,000 tonnes per day was measured the afternoon of September 13. This is down significantly from the 190,000 tonnes per day measured just after the onset of the eruption on Sunday, September 10th.
- A live-stream video of the eruption is available (here).
- More eruption information is available (here).
Rift Zone Observations: No unusual activity has been noted along the East Rift Zone or Southwest
Rift Zone; steady rates of ground deformation and seismicity continue along both. Measurements from continuous gas monitoring stations downwind of Puʻuʻōʻō in the middle East Rift Zone—the site of 1983–2018 eruptive activity—remain below detection limits for SO2, indicating that SO2 emissions from Puʻuʻōʻō are negligible.
Hazard Analysis: Eruptive activity is occurring on the down-dropped block and Halemaʻumaʻu crater, within Kīlauea’s summit caldera and in the closed area of Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park. During Kīlauea summit eruptions, the high level of volcanic gases—primarily water vapor (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2)— and fine volcanic particles are the primary hazards of concern, as these hazards can have far-reaching effects downwind.
Strong winds may waft fine rock particles to areas downwind of erupting vents. People should minimize their exposure to these fine volcanic particles, which can cause skin and eye irritation. Reports from Hawaiian Volcano Observatory field crews indicate that fine particles of Pele’s Hair and other tephra are being deposited in the area near the Keanakāko‘i Overlook, which is approximately half a mile (about 1 km) from the eruption site. Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park has closed the Keanakāko‘i Overlook to the public at this time.
Other significant hazards also remain around Kīlauea’s summit from Halemaʻumaʻu crater wall instability, ground cracking, and rockfalls that can be enhanced by earthquakes within the area closed to the public. This underscores the extremely hazardous nature of the rim surrounding Halemaʻumaʻu crater, an area that has been closed to the public since early 2008.

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